ArticleCMAJ open2014
The effects of HIV-1 subtype and ethnicity on the rate of CD4 cell count decline in patients naive to antiretroviral therapy: a Canadian-European collaborative retrospective cohort study.
Article in CMAJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02699736 (EuroSIDA Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Clinical and Virological Outcome of European Patients Infected With HIV), which is not on this map. Cited by 12 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
EuroSIDA Prospective Observational Cohort Study on Clinical and Virological Outcome of European Patients Infected With HIV
Who cites it
12 citing papers in PubMed.
- Trial
- The age and sex dynamics of heterosexual HIV transmission in Zambia: an HPTN 071 (PopART) phylogenetic and modelling study.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Characteristics of molecular epidemiology and transmitted drug resistance among newly diagnosed HIV-1 infections in Lishui, China from 2020 to 2023.Virology journal · 2025Article
- A population-level application of a method for estimating the timing of HIV acquisition among migrants to Australia.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2023Article
- CRF07_BC is associated with slow HIV disease progression in Chinese patients.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Transmitted HIV-1 is more virulent in heterosexual individuals than men-who-have-sex-with-men.PLoS pathogens · 2022Article
- Disease progression and mortality with untreated HIV infection: evidence synthesis of HIV seroconverter cohorts, antiretroviral treatment clinical cohorts and population-based survey data.Journal of the International AIDS Society · 2021Article
- HIV-1 molecular diversity in Brazil unveiled by 10 years of sampling by the national genotyping network.Scientific reports · 2021Article
- Post-migration acquisition of HIV: Estimates from four European countries, 2007 to 2016.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2021Article
- Article
- Article
- Genetic Characterization of a Panel of Diverse HIV-1 Isolates at Seven International Sites.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
17 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundEthnic differences have the potential to confound associations between HIV-1 subtype and immunologic progression. We compared declines in CD4 cell counts during untreated infection for the most prevalent HIV-1 subtypes, focusing on distinguishing between the effects of viral subtype and ethnicity.
methodsWe combined data from 4 European and 6 Canadian cohorts, selecting adults in the stable chronic phase of untreated HIV infection. We estimated the change in square root CD4 cell count over time for subtypes and ethnicities using mixed models, adjusting for covariates selected for their potential effect on initial CD4 cell count or its decline.
resultsData from 9772 patients were analyzed, contributing 79 175 measurements of CD4 cell count and 24 157 person-years of follow-up. Overall, there were no appreciable differences in CD4 cell count decline for viral subtypes A, CRF01_AE, CRF02_AG, C and G compared with viral subtype B; whereas the decline in CD4 cell count in patients of African ancestry was considerably slower than in patients of other ethnicity. When ethnic groups were studied separately, there was evidence for slower declines in CD4 cell count in viral subtypes C, and possibly A and G, compared with viral subtype B in patients of African ancestry but not among patients of other ethnicities, suggesting an interaction between subtype and ethnicity.
interpretationEthnicity is a major determinant of CD4 cell count decline; viral subtype differences may have existed but were small compared with the effect of ethnicity and were most apparent in patients of African ancestry. In developing countries, slower CD4 cell count declines among individuals of African descent may translate to a longer asymptomatic phase and increase the opportunity for HIV transmission.
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