ArticleInternational journal of vascular medicine2014
Purpurogallin, a natural phenol, attenuates high-mobility group box 1 in subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model.
Article in International journal of vascular medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 9 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
9 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Targeting High Mobility Group Box 1 in Subarachnoid Hemorrhage: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Pooled it
- Network pharmacological prediction of chemical constituents and endophyte metabolites of medicinal plant Shengli grass.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Retraction Note: Valproic acid attenuates intercellular adhesion molecule-1 and E-selectin through a chemokine ligand 5 dependent mechanism and subarachnoid hemorrhage induced vasospasm in a rat model.Journal of inflammation (London, England) · 2023Article
- Microglia activation, classification and microglia-mediated neuroinflammatory modulators in subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neural regeneration research · 2022Review
- Admission serum high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein predicts delayed cerebral ischemia following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.Neurosurgical review · 2022Observational
- HMGB1-Mediated Neuroinflammatory Responses in Brain Injuries: Potential Mechanisms and Therapeutic Opportunities.International journal of molecular sciences · 2020Review
- Purpurogallin Protects Keratinocytes from Damage and Apoptosis Induced by Ultraviolet B Radiation and Particulate Matter 2.5.Biomolecules & therapeutics · 2019Article
- Elucidating the novel biomarker and therapeutic potentials of High-mobility group box 1 in Subarachnoid hemorrhage: A review.AIMS neuroscience · 2019Review
- Role of Damage Associated Molecular Pattern Molecules (DAMPs) in Aneurysmal Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (aSAH).International journal of molecular sciences · 2018Review
Corrections and comments
- Retracted
Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) was shown to be an important extracellular mediator involved in vascular inflammation of animals following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). This study is of interest to examine the efficacy of purpurogallin, a natural phenol, on the alternation of cytokines and HMGB1 in a SAH model. A rodent double hemorrhage SAH model was employed. Basilar arteries (BAs) were harvested to examine HMGB1 mRNA and protein expression (Western blot). CSF samples were to examine IL-1β, IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α (rt-PCR). Deformed endothelial wall, tortuous elastic lamina, and necrotic smooth muscle were observed in the vessels of SAH groups but were absent in the purpurogallin group. IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α in the SAH only and SAH plus vehicle groups were significantly elevated (P < 0.01). Purpurgallin dose-dependently reduced HMGB1 protein expression. Likewise, high dose purpurogallin reduced TNF-α and HMGB1 mRNA levels. In conclusion, purpurogallin exerts its neuroinflammation effect through the dual effect of inhibiting IL-6 and TNF-α mRNA expression and reducing HMGB1 protein and mRNA expression. This study supports purpurogallin could attenuate both proinflammatory cytokines and late-onset inflammasome in SAH induced vasospasm.
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.