ArticleHuman brain mapping2015
Smoking and the developing brain: altered white matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and healthy controls.
Article in Human brain mapping, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 30 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Influence of Cannabis and Nicotine Co-use on Neuromaturation: A Systematic Review of Adolescent and Young Adult Studies.Biological psychiatry · 2021Pooled it
- White matter development and tobacco smoking in young adults: A systematic review with recommendations for future research.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2016Pooled it
- Shared and Unique Patterns of Dysregulated Dual Systems Between Adolescent Problematic Video Gaming and ADHD.PsyCh journal · 2026Article
- Environmental Exposures and Neuroimaging in Children with Neurodevelopmental Disorders: A Scoping Review.Current environmental health reports · 2026Article
- Microstructural brain changes in Buerger's disease and smokers: a case-control study using diffusion tensor imaging.BMC medical imaging · 2026Article
- Early nicotine initiation and white matter integrity: Associations from late childhood to mid-adolescence.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
- Holistic Management of Adult ADHD with a History of Addiction: Emphasis on Low-Addiction-Risk Psychopharmacotherapy.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Adolescent substance use initiation and long-term neurobiological outcomes: insights, challenges and opportunities.Molecular psychiatry · 2024Review
- Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging (NODDI) of Brain Microstructure in Adolescent Cannabis and Nicotine Use.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Article
- The interaction effects of age, APOE and common environmental risk factors on human brain structure.Cerebral cortex (New York, N.Y. : 1991) · 2024Article
- Exploring Contributing Factors of Solitary Drinking among Hong Kong Chinese Adolescents and Young Adults: A Descriptive Phenomenology.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- The Effects of Nicotine and Cannabis Co-Use During Late Adolescence on White Matter Fiber Tract Microstructure.Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs · 2022Article
- White matter microstructure differences in individuals with dependence on cocaine, methamphetamine, and nicotine: Findings from the ENIGMA-Addiction working group.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2022Article
- The effects of nicotine and cannabis co-use during adolescence and young adulthood on white matter cerebral blood flow estimates.Psychopharmacology · 2020Article
- Support vector machine based classification of smokers and nonsmokers using diffusion tensor imaging.Brain imaging and behavior · 2020Article
- The associations of comorbid substance use disorders and psychiatric conditions with adolescent brain structure and function: A review.Journal of the neurological sciences · 2020Review
- Adolescent Substance Use and the Brain: Behavioral, Cognitive and Neuroimaging Correlates.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Nicotine Effects on White Matter Microstructure in Young Adults.Archives of clinical neuropsychology : the official journal of the National Academy of Neuropsychologists · 2019Article
- Larger corpus callosum and reduced orbitofrontal cortex homotopic connectivity in codeine cough syrup-dependent male adolescents and young adults.European radiology · 2017Article
- The influence of comorbid oppositional defiant disorder on white matter microstructure in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
12 authors at 6 institutions in 4 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Brain white matter (WM) tracts, playing a vital role in the communication between brain regions, undergo important maturational changes during adolescence and young adulthood, a critical period for the development of nicotine dependence. Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is associated with increased smoking and widespread WM abnormalities, suggesting that the developing ADHD brain might be especially vulnerable to effects of smoking. This study aims to investigate the effect of smoking on (WM) microstructure in adolescents and young adults with and without ADHD. Diffusion tensor imaging was performed in an extensively phenotyped sample of nonsmokers (n = 95, 50.5% ADHD), irregular smokers (n = 41, 58.5% ADHD), and regular smokers (n = 50, 82.5% ADHD), aged 14-24 years. A whole-brain voxelwise approach investigated associations of smoking, ADHD and their interaction, with WM microstructure as measured by fractional anisotropy (FA) and mean diffusivity (MD). Widespread alterations in FA and MD were found for regular smokers compared to irregular and nonsmokers, mainly located in the corpus callosum and WM tracts surrounding the basal ganglia. Several regions overlapped with regions of altered FA for ADHD versus controls, albeit in different directions. Irregular and nonsmokers did not differ, and ADHD and smoking did not interact. Results implicate that smoking and ADHD have independent effects on WM microstructure, and possibly do not share underlying mechanisms. Two mechanisms may play a role in the current results. First, smoking may cause alterations in WM microstructure in the maturing brain. Second, pre-existing WM microstructure differences possibly reflect a risk factor for development of a smoking addiction.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.