ArticleAutophagy2015
Identification of secreted proteins that reflect autophagy dynamics within tumor cells.
Article in Autophagy, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 81 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
81 citing papers in PubMed, 115 citations in OpenAlex.
- Unc-51 like kinase 3 (ULK3) contributes to autophagy and cell survival in multiple myeloma.Nature communications · 2026Article
- Fam3C alters Golgi apparatus morphology and function in triple negative breast cancer.Journal of molecular cell biology · 2026Article
- Radiation-induced autophagy regulates fibroblast mitochondrial metabolism and crosstalk with triple-negative breast cancer cells.Cell reports · 2026Article
- From mechanical force to cellular response: the role of autophagy in orthodontic tooth movement.Frontiers in physiology · 2026Review
- Article
- Upregulated ATG4B predicts poor prognosis and correlates with angiogenesis in osteosarcoma.Journal of the Egyptian National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Structure and function of vimentin in the generation and secretion of extracellular vimentin in response to inflammation.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2025Review
- Assessing Autophagy Activation in Advanced Ovarian Cancer Using Ascitic Fluid: A Feasibility Study.Cureus · 2025Article
- Targeting secretory autophagy in solid cancers: mechanisms, immune regulation and clinical insights.Experimental hematology & oncology · 2025Review
- Pharmacological mechanism of natural products to treat osteoporosis: a focus on the autophagy.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2025Review
- SKA2 regulated hyperactive secretory autophagy drives neuroinflammation-induced neurodegeneration.Nature communications · 2024Article
- Application Value of Antimicrobial Peptides in Gastrointestinal Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Autophagy orchestrates the crosstalk between cells and organs.EMBO reports · 2023Review
- Autophagy in BRAF-mutant cutaneous melanoma: recent advances and therapeutic perspective.Cell death discovery · 2023Review
- Therapeutic potential of autophagy in immunity and inflammation: current and future perspectives.Pharmacological reports : PR · 2023Review
- Secretory autophagy promotes RAB37-mediated insulin secretion under glucose stimulation bothAutophagy · 2023Article
- FAM3C in circulating tumor-derived extracellular vesicles promotes non-small cell lung cancer growth in secondary sites.Theranostics · 2023Article
- Mutant C/EBPα p30 alleviates immunosuppression of CD8Cell proliferation · 2022Article
- Non-enzymatic heparanase enhances gastric tumor proliferation via TFEB-dependent autophagy.Oncogenesis · 2022Article
- Recent advances in conventional and unconventional vesicular secretion pathways in the tumor microenvironment.Journal of biomedical science · 2022Review
21 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 5 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Macroautophagy, a catabolic process of cellular self-digestion, is an important tumor cell survival mechanism and a potential target in antineoplastic therapies. Recent discoveries have implicated autophagy in the cellular secretory process, but potential roles of autophagy-mediated secretion in modifying the tumor microenvironment are poorly understood. Furthermore, efforts to inhibit autophagy in clinical trials have been hampered by suboptimal methods to quantitatively measure tumor autophagy levels. Here, we leveraged the autophagy-based involvement in cellular secretion to identify shed proteins associated with autophagy levels in melanoma. The secretome of low-autophagy WM793 melanoma cells was compared to its highly autophagic metastatic derivative, 1205Lu in physiological 3-dimensional cell culture using quantitative proteomics. These comparisons identified candidate autophagy biomarkers IL1B (interleukin 1, β), CXCL8 (chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 8), LIF (leukemia inhibitory factor), FAM3C (family with sequence similarity 3, member C), and DKK3 (dickkopf WNT signaling pathway inhibitor 3) with known roles in inflammation and tumorigenesis, and these proteins were subsequently shown to be elevated in supernatants of an independent panel of high-autophagy melanoma cell lines. Secretion levels of these proteins increased when low-autophagy melanoma cells were treated with the autophagy-inducing tat-BECN1 (Beclin 1) peptide and decreased when ATG7 (autophagy-related 7) was silenced in high-autophagy cells, thereby supporting a mechanistic link between these secreted proteins and autophagy. In addition, serum from metastatic melanoma patients with high tumor autophagy levels exhibited higher levels of these proteins than serum from patients with low-autophagy tumors. These results suggest that autophagy-related secretion affects the tumor microenvironment and measurement of autophagy-associated secreted proteins in plasma and possibly in tumors can serve as surrogates for intracellular autophagy dynamics in tumor cells.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.