Observational studyAIDS care2015
Assessment of HIV antiretroviral therapy adherence by measuring drug concentrations in hair among children in rural Uganda.
Observational study in AIDS care, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 30 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
30 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 57 citations in OpenAlex.
- Discrepancies between self-reported medication in adherence and indirect measurement adherence among patients undergoing antiretroviral therapy: a systematic review.Infectious diseases of poverty · 2024Pooled it
- Antiretroviral Concentration in Hair as a Measure for Antiretroviral Medication Adherence: A Systematic Review of Global Literature.AIDS and behavior · 2020Pooled it
- Ingestible sensor system for measuring, monitoring and enhancing adherence to antiretroviral therapy: An open-label, usual care-controlled, randomised trial.EBioMedicine · 2022Trial
- Adherence to antiretroviral therapy among female sex workers in Kampala, Uganda.Journal of public health in Africa · 2025Article
- Development and feasibility of the peer and nurse-led HIV Self-Testing Education and Promotion (STEP) intervention among social networks of men in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: application of the ADAPT-ITT model.BMC health services research · 2024Article
- Poor HIV-related Knowledge, Perceived Risks and Attitudes Among Urban-dwelling Malaysian Older Adults: Key Barriers to Zero HIV Transmission by 2030.AIDS and behavior · 2024Article
- Association between water insecurity and antiretroviral therapy adherence among pregnant and postpartum women in Greater Accra region of Ghana.PLOS global public health · 2024Article
- Establishing Novel Antiretroviral Imaging for Hair to Elucidate Nonadherence: Protocol for a Single-Arm Cross-sectional Study.JMIR research protocols · 2023Article
- Article
- Effect of suicidality on clinical and behavioural outcomes in HIV positive adults in Uganda.PloS one · 2021Article
- LC-MS/MS Quantification of Nevirapine and Its Metabolites in Hair for Assessing Long-Term Adherence.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2020Article
- Approaches to Objectively Measure Antiretroviral Medication Adherence and Drive Adherence Interventions.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2020Review
- Comparing self-reported medication adherence measures with hair antiretroviral concentration among people living with HIV in Guangxi, China.AIDS research and therapy · 2020Article
- Willingness to Donate Hair Samples for Research Among People Living with HIV/AIDS Attending a Tertiary Health Facility in Ibadan, Nigeria.AIDS research and human retroviruses · 2019Article
- Measuring Adherence to Antiretroviral Therapy via Hair Concentrations in India.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2019Article
- Outcome measures for adherence data from a medication event monitoring system: A literature review.Journal of clinical pharmacy and therapeutics · 2019Review
- Article
- Correlation of hair and plasma efavirenz concentrations in HIV-positive South Africans.Southern African journal of HIV medicine · 2019Article
- Antiretroviral drug concentrations in hair are associated with virologic outcomes among young people living with HIV in Tanzania.AIDS (London, England) · 2018Article
- Development and validation of an assay to analyze atazanavir in human hair via liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry.Rapid communications in mass spectrometry : RCM · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Current tools for measuring medication adherence have significant limitations, especially among pediatric populations. We conducted a prospective observational study to assess the use of antiretroviral (ARV) drug levels in hair for evaluating antiretroviral therapy (ART) adherence among HIV-infected children in rural Uganda. Three-day caregiver recall, 30-day visual analog scale (VAS), Medication Event Monitoring System (MEMS), and unannounced pill counts and liquid formulation weights (UPC) were collected monthly over a one-year period. Hair samples were collected quarterly and analyzed for nevirapine (NVP) levels, and plasma HIV RNA levels were collected every six months. Among children with at least one hair sample collected, we used univariable random intercept linear regression models to compare log transformed NVP concentrations with each adherence measure, and the child's age, sex, and CD4 count percentage (CD4%). One hundred and twenty-one children aged 2-10 years were enrolled in the study; 74 (61%) provided at least one hair sample, and the mean number of hair samples collected per child was 1.9 (standard deviation [SD] 1.0). Three-day caregiver recall, VAS, and MEMS were found to be positively associated with increasing NVP concentration in hair, although associations were not statistically significant. UPC was found to have a nonsignificant negative association with increasing hair NVP concentration. In conclusion, NVP drug concentrations in hair were found to have nonsignificant, although generally positive, associations with other adherence measures in a cohort of HIV-infected children in Uganda. Hair collection in this population proved challenging, suggesting the need for community education and buy-in with the introduction of novel methodologies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.