ReviewVirulence2014
What is a pathogen? Toward a process view of host-parasite interactions.
Review in Virulence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 71 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
71 citing papers in PubMed.
- Are novel and co-xenic associations common in alien fungal and fungus-like plant pathogens?The New phytologist · 2026Article
- Infection control in the brain and the eye.Acta ophthalmologica · 2026Review
- Virulence factors of the microbiome: A functional toolkit for cancer progression (Review).Molecular and clinical oncology · 2026Review
- Rethinking One Health: Microbial Foundations for Ecological Governance.BioEssays : news and reviews in molecular, cellular and developmental biology · 2026Review
- Whole-genome prediction of bacterial pathogenic capacity on novel bacteria using protein language models with PathogenFinder2.Bioinformatics (Oxford, England) · 2026Article
- A Consensus Statement for Ecological Medicine: Moving Toward Connection-Based Medicine.EcoHealth · 2026Article
- Advancing the study of microbial symbionts of amphibians and reptiles.Frontiers in amphibian and reptile science · 2026Article
- Bacterial infections and pathogenic situations: The case ofVirulence · 2025Review
- Candida albicans: the current status regarding vaginal infections.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2025Review
- Updating the Discontinuity Theory to the Extended Immunity: The Symmunobiome Concept.European journal of immunology · 2025Review
- Observational
- Clinical metagenomics: ethical issues.Journal of medical microbiology · 2025Article
- Advanced Pathogen Monitoring inViruses · 2025Article
- Pathogenic built environment? Reflections on modeling spatial determinants of health in urban settings considering the example of COVID-19 studies.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Article
- Parasites and Microbiota: Dual Interactions and Therapeutic Perspectives.Microorganisms · 2024Review
- Annotation of Functions of Sequences of Concern and Its Relevance to the New Biosecurity Regulatory Framework in the United States.Applied biosafety : journal of the American Biological Safety Association · 2024Article
- Interaction between Intestinal Parasites and the Gut Microbiota: Implications for the Intestinal Immune Response and Host Defence.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2024Review
- Thinking Phage Innovations Through Evolution and Ecology.PHAGE (New Rochelle, N.Y.) · 2024Review
- Article
11 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Until quite recently and since the late 19(th) century, medical microbiology has been based on the assumption that some micro-organisms are pathogens and others are not. This binary view is now strongly criticized and is even becoming untenable. We first provide a historical overview of the changing nature of host-parasite interactions, in which we argue that large-scale sequencing not only shows that identifying the roots of pathogenesis is much more complicated than previously thought, but also forces us to reconsider what a pathogen is. To address the challenge of defining a pathogen in post-genomic science, we present and discuss recent results that embrace the microbial genetic diversity (both within- and between-host) and underline the relevance of microbial ecology and evolution. By analyzing and extending earlier work on the concept of pathogen, we propose pathogenicity (or virulence) should be viewed as a dynamical feature of an interaction between a host and microbes.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.