ArticleHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2014
Development of a heat-stable and orally delivered recombinant M2e-expressing B. subtilis spore-based influenza vaccine.
Article in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Effect of a spore-based Mannheimia haemolytica vaccine on immune responses and respiratory microbiota in sheep.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Review
- Influenza Virus: Global Health Impact, Strategies, Challenges, Role of Nanotechnolgy in Influenza Vaccine Development.Vaccines · 2025Review
- Bacillus subtilis surface display technology: applications in bioprocessing and sustainable manufacturing.Biotechnology for biofuels and bioproducts · 2025Review
- Article
- Mucosal Immunization with Spore-Based Vaccines againstVaccines · 2024Article
- The Bacterial Spore as a Mucosal Vaccine Delivery System.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Bacterial Spore-Based Delivery System: 20 Years of a Versatile Approach for Innovative Vaccines.Biomolecules · 2023Review
- Self-assembled multiepitope nanovaccine based on NoV P particles induces effective and lasting protection against H3N2 influenza virus.Nano research · 2023Article
- Mechanisms and Applications of Bacterial Sporulation and Germination in the Intestine.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Review
- Article
- Highly sensitive protein detection using recombinant spores and lateral flow immunoassay.Analytical and bioanalytical chemistry · 2021Article
- Application of Bacillus subtilis as a live vaccine vector: A review.The Journal of veterinary medical science · 2020Review
- Recombinant HcGAPDH Protein Expressed on ProbioticmSystems · 2020Article
- Progress in research and application development of surface display technology using Bacillus subtilis spores.Applied microbiology and biotechnology · 2020Review
- Nanoparticles in influenza subunit vaccine development: Immunogenicity enhancement.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2020Review
- Mucosal Delivery of Fusion Proteins withFrontiers in immunology · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
12 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Highly conserved ectodomain of influenza virus M2 protein (M2e) is an important target for the development of universal influenza vaccines. Today, the use of chemical or genetic fusion constructs have been undertaken to overcome the low immunogenicity of M2e in vaccine formulation. However, current M2e vaccines are neither orally delivered nor heat-stable. In this study, we evaluated the immune efficacy of an orally delivered recombinant M2e vaccine containing 3 molcules of M2e consensus sequence of influenza A viruses, termed RSM2e3. To accomplish this, CotB, a spore coat of Bacillus subtilis (B. subtilis), was used as a fusion partner, and heat-stable nonpathogenic B. subtilis spores were used as the carrier. Our results showed that CotB-M2e3 fusion had no effect on spore structure or function in the resultant recombinant RSM2e3 strain and that heterologous influenza virus M2e protein was successfully displayed on the surface of the recombinant RSM2e3 spore. Importantly, recombinant RSM2e3 spores elicited strong and long-term M2e-specific systemic and mucosal immune responses, completely protecting immunized mice from lethal challenge of A/PR/8/34(H1N1) influenza virus. Taken together, our study forms a solid basis for the development of a novel orally delivered and heat-stable influenza vaccine based on B. subtilis spore surface display.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.