Trial reportHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2014
Comparison of adaptive and innate immune responses induced by licensed vaccines for Human Papillomavirus.
Trial report in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 71 citations in OpenAlex.
- Durability of immunogenicity at 5 years after a single dose of human papillomavirus vaccine compared with two doses in Tanzanian girls aged 9-14 years: results of the long-term extension of the DoRIS randomised trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2025Trial
- Intralesional bivalent and quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccines didn't significantly enhance the response of multiple anogenital warts when co-administered with intralesional Candida antigen immunotherapy. A randomized controlled trial.Archives of dermatological research · 2023Trial
- Association of post-vaccination adverse reactions after influenza vaccine with mortality and cardiopulmonary outcomes in patients with high-risk cardiovascular disease: the INVESTED trial.European journal of heart failure · 2023Trial
- Comparing one dose of HPV vaccine in girls aged 9-14 years in Tanzania (DoRIS) with one dose of HPV vaccine in historical cohorts: an immunobridging analysis of a randomised controlled trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Trial
- Immunogenicity and safety of one-dose human papillomavirus vaccine compared with two or three doses in Tanzanian girls (DoRIS): an open-label, randomised, non-inferiority trial.The Lancet. Global health · 2022Trial
- Oral and systemic HPV antibody kinetics post-vaccination among HIV-positive and HIV-negative men.Vaccine · 2019Trial
- Lymph Node Activation by PET/CT Following Vaccination With Licensed Vaccines for Human Papillomaviruses.Clinical nuclear medicine · 2017Trial
- Development of HPV 35 serology assays for assessment of immune responses to HPV 35 after infection and vaccination.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Exceeding expectations: factors contributing to the potency of human papillomavirus vaccines.The Lancet. Microbe · 2026Review
- Natural Versus Vaccine-Induced Immunity Against HPV: A Comparative Review of Antibody Response and Cancer Prevention.Antibodies (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Preimmunization of SPF Mice With Capsid Virus-like Particle Has no Effect on CD8Clinical and translational science · 2026Article
- Harnessing Nanocarriers to Advance Vaccine Development.BioDrugs : clinical immunotherapeutics, biopharmaceuticals and gene therapy · 2026Review
- Immune Responses to Human Papillomavirus After Infection and Vaccination.Current topics in microbiology and immunology · 2026Review
- Review
- Evaluation of Anti-HPV18 Antibody Titers Preceding an Incident Cervical HPV18/45 Infection.Vaccines · 2025Article
- Repurposing anti-viral subunit and mRNA vaccines T cell immunity for intratumoral immunotherapy against solid tumors.NPJ vaccines · 2025Article
- Immune responses to human papillomavirus infection and vaccination.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- AS04 drives superior cross-protective antibody response by increased NOTCH signaling of dendritic cells and proliferation of memory B cells.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Article
- Nanotechnology-based strategies for vaccine development: accelerating innovation and delivery.Biomaterials translational · 2025Review
- Reproducibility Assessment of Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays to Detect Anti-HPV16 L1-Specific IgG1, IgG3, IgA, and IgM Antibodies.Vaccines · 2024Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
17 authors at 6 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Two HPV virus-like particle (VLP) vaccines, HPV-16/18 (GlaxoSmithKline, Cervarix®) and HPV-6/11/16/18 (Merck, Gardasil®), are currently licensed in the United States. Given the similar antigenic content but different adjuvant formulations in the 2 vaccines, they provide an efficient method for evaluating adjuvants and comparing the kinetics of the innate and adaptive immune responses. We randomized women to receive either Cervarix® or Gardasil®, followed 6 month vaccination delivery schedules per manufacturer's recommendations, and analyzed the humoral immune response, T cell response, and circulating plasma cytokine levels in response to vaccination. Cervarix® recipients had higher anti-HPV-16 antibody and neutralization titers at month 7, and elevated anti-HPV-18 antibody and neutralization titers at months 7 and 12. Antibody avidity was similar for the 2 vaccines. HPV-31 was the only phylogenetically related non-vaccine HPV type, for which there is evidence of cross-protection, to be cross-neutralized and only in response to Cervarix®. Comparing CD4+ T cell cytokine responses at month 12, there was a trend of increased levels of IL-2 and TNF-α in the Cervarix® groups versus the Gardasil® groups that was consistent across all 4 tested HPV types (16/18/33/45). Elevated levels of circulating plasma cytokine/chemokines were observed post first vaccination in Gardasil® recipients and proinflammatory cytokines were elevated following 1st and 3rd Cervarix® vaccinations. Cervarix® and Gardasil® are both highly immunogenic vaccines. Higher antibody levels and CD4 T cell responses were achieved with Cervarix® after 3 doses, although similar affinity maturation was measured for the 2 vaccines. The clinical implications of the differences in immune responses are unknown.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.