ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2014
Pre-existing immunity against Ad vectors: humoral, cellular, and innate response, what's important?.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 179 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
179 citing papers in PubMed, 271 citations in OpenAlex.
- Safety and Immunogenicity of a ChAd155-Vectored Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine in Healthy RSV-Seropositive Children 12-23 Months of Age.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Trial
- Combination of live-attenuated and adenovirus-based vaccines provides immediate and durable protection againstMolecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2026Article
- Bovine Adenovirus 3-Based Viral Vectors for Veterinary Vaccine Development: Progress, Limitations, and Future Directions.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- RNA delivery to the corneal endothelium using charge-altering releasable transporters.Science advances · 2026Article
- Recent advances in HIV-1 envelope-based vaccine designs for guiding broadly neutralizing antibody response.Journal of virology · 2026Review
- Article
- Noncanonical amino acids enable plug and play vaccine platform in the ALiCE cell free system.NPJ vaccines · 2026Article
- Brucellosis vaccine development: immunological mechanisms, animal models, and future directions.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- An Ad5-Based COVID-19 Vaccine Encoding SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Induces Measurable Antibody and Cytokine Responses in Mice.Biotechnology journal · 2026Article
- Development of a Thermostable and Broadly Neutralizing Pan-Sarbecovirus Vaccine Candidate.ACS infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Mechanisms of Norovirus Immunity: Implications for Vaccine Design.Annual review of pathology · 2026Review
- A narrative review of heterogeneity in SARS-CoV-2 infection outcomes and vaccine efficacy: strategizing pandemic preparedness in Africa.Frontiers in public health · 2026Review
- Recombinant adenoviruses application for cancer vaccines: from genetic design to clinical translation.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Article
- Lipid nanoparticle-based mRNA platforms for mucosal HIV vaccines: formulation advances, immune mechanisms, and translational pathways.Archives of microbiology · 2025Review
- Impact of pre-existing anti-replicase immunity on the efficacy of self-amplifying mRNA vaccines.Nature communications · 2025Article
- The seroprevalence of adenoviruses since 2000Emerging microbes & infections · 2025Review
- Natural carrier systems in cancer vaccines and immunotherapy.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2025Review
- mRNA-Based Neoantigen Vaccines in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC)-A Promising Avenue in Cancer Immunotherapy.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- A bovine adenoviral-vector-based universal influenza vaccine confers protection against influenza A and B viruses in mice and ferrets.Molecular therapy. Nucleic acids · 2025Article
119 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Pre-existing immunity against human adenovirus (HAd) serotype 5 derived vector in the human population is widespread, thus hampering its clinical use. Various components of the immune system, including neutralizing antibodies (nAbs), Ad specific T cells and type I IFN activated NK cells, contribute to dampening the efficacy of Ad vectors in individuals with pre-existing Ad immunity. In order to circumvent pre-existing immunity to adenovirus, numerous strategies, such as developing alternative Ad serotypes, varying immunization routes and utilizing prime-boost regimens, are under pre-clinical or clinical phases of development. However, these strategies mainly focus on one arm of pre-existing immunity. Selection of alternative serotypes has been largely driven by the absence in the human population of nAbs against them with little attention paid to cross-reactive Ad specific T cells. Conversely, varying the route of immunization appears to mainly rely on avoiding Ad specific tissue-resident T cells. Finally, prime-boost regimens do not actually circumvent pre-existing immunity but instead generate immune responses of sufficient magnitude to confer protection despite pre-existing immunity. Combining the above strategies and thus taking into account all components regulating pre-existing Ad immunity will help further improve the development of Ad vectors for animal and human use.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.