ReviewHuman vaccines & immunotherapeutics2014
Applications of nanomaterials as vaccine adjuvants.
Review in Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed.
- Nanomaterial-based vaccines: An advanced approach against rotavirus: A review article.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Review
- ZnNPs and senps co-adjuvants deliver superior and long-lasting protection: first report in inactivated Rift Valley fever vaccines for sheep.Tropical animal health and production · 2025Article
- Yeast-Derived Glucan Particles: Biocompatibility, Efficacy, and Immunomodulatory Potential as Adjuvants and Delivery Systems.Pharmaceutics · 2025Article
- Nano/Micro-Enabled Modification and Innovation of Conventional Adjuvants for Next-Generation Vaccines.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2025Review
- Nanoparticles in the battle against Candida auris biofilms: current advances and future prospects.Drug delivery and translational research · 2025Review
- Nanocarriers for cutting-edge cancer immunotherapies.Journal of translational medicine · 2025Review
- Double-layered protein nanoparticles conjugated with truncated flagellin induce improved mucosal and systemic immune responses in mice.Nanoscale horizons · 2024Article
- Role of Adjuvants in Enhancing the Efficacy and Duration of Anesthesia Blocks: A Comprehensive Review.Cureus · 2024Review
- Tailoring biomaterials for vaccine delivery.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2024Review
- Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles as an Ideal Platform for Cancer Immunotherapy: Recent Advances and Future Directions.Advanced healthcare materials · 2024Review
- Engineering customized nanovaccines for enhanced cancer immunotherapy.Bioactive materials · 2024Review
- Dual-Antigen Subunit Vaccine Nanoparticles for Scrub Typhus.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Nanostructures for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of viral respiratory infections: from influenza virus to SARS-CoV-2 variants.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Nanotechnology in the COVID-19 era: Carbon-based nanomaterials as a promising solution.Carbon · 2023Review
- Remodeling the hepatic fibrotic microenvironment with emerging nanotherapeutics: a comprehensive review.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2023Review
- Immunogenicity of Different Types of Adjuvants and Nano-Adjuvants in Veterinary Vaccines: A Comprehensive Review.Vaccines · 2023Review
- Polymersome-based protein drug delivery - quo vadis?Chemical Society reviews · 2023Review
- Generation of multi-layered protein bodies inFrontiers in plant science · 2023Article
- Nanoparticle-Based Delivery Systems for Vaccines.Vaccines · 2022Review
- Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Vaccine adjuvants are applied to amplify the recipient's specific immune responses against pathogen infection or malignancy. A new generation of adjuvants is being developed to meet the demands for more potent antigen-specific responses, specific types of immune responses, and a high margin of safety. Nanotechnology provides a multifunctional stage for the integration of desired adjuvant activities performed by the building blocks of tailor-designed nanoparticles. Using nanomaterials for antigen delivery can provide high bioavailability, sustained and controlled release profiles, and targeting and imaging properties resulting from manipulation of the nanomaterials' physicochemical properties. Moreover, the inherent immune-regulating activity of particular nanomaterials can further promote and shape the cellular and humoral immune responses toward desired types. The combination of both the delivery function and immunomodulatory effect of nanomaterials as adjuvants is thought to largely benefit the immune outcomes of vaccination. In this review, we will address the current achievements of nanotechnology in the development of novel adjuvants. The potential mechanisms by which nanomaterials impact the immune responses to a vaccine and how physicochemical properties, including size, surface charge and surface modification, impact their resulting immunological outcomes will be discussed. This review aims to provide concentrated information to promote new insights for the development of novel vaccine adjuvants.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.