ArticlePsychiatry research2015
Increased brain activity to unpleasant stimuli in individuals with the 7R allele of the DRD4 gene.
Article in Psychiatry research, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT00915798 (Smoking, Neurocircuitry and Genes in Adult ADHD), which is not on this map. Cited by 11 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Smoking, Neurocircuitry and Genes in Adult ADHD
Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 23 citations in OpenAlex.
- The 7-Repeat (7R) Variant of theInternational journal of molecular sciences · 2025Article
- Aberrant brain dynamics and spectral power in children with ADHD and its subtypes.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2023Article
- Prevalence of Common Alleles of Some Stress Resilience Genes among Adolescents Born in Different Periods Relative to the Socioeconomic Crisis of the 1990s in Russia.Current issues in molecular biology · 2022Article
- Klerman's "credo" reconsidered: neo-Kraepelinianism, Spitzer's views, and what we can learn from the past.World psychiatry : official journal of the World Psychiatric Association (WPA) · 2022Article
- Article
- Effects of theFrontiers in psychiatry · 2021Article
- Predicted DRD4 prefrontal gene expression moderates snack intake and stress perception in response to the environment in adolescents.PloS one · 2020Article
- Effects of the 2-Repeat Allele of the DRD4 Gene on Neural Networks Associated With the Prefrontal Cortex in Children With ADHD.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2018Article
- A meta-analysis of data associatingNeuropsychiatric disease and treatment · 2018Article
- Association between the dopamine D4 receptor gene exon III variable number of tandem repeats and political attitudes in female Han Chinese.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2015Article
- DRD4 Genotype and the Developmental Link of Peer Social Preference with Conduct Problems and Prosocial Behavior Across Ages 9-12 Years.Journal of youth and adolescence · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
9 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
The aim of the study was to examine functional brain activity in response to unpleasant images in individuals with the 7-repeat (7R) allele compared to individuals with the 4-repeat (4R) allele of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene (VNTR in exon 3). Based on the response ready hypothesis, individuals with the DRD4-4R/7R genotype were expected to show greater functional brain activity in response to unpleasant compared to neutral stimuli in specific regions of the frontal, temporal, parietal and limbic lobes, which form the networks involved in attentional, emotional, and preparatory responses. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging activity was studied in 26 young adults (13 with the DRD4-4R/7R genotype and 13 with the DRD4-4R/4R genotype). Participants were asked to look at and subjectively rate unpleasant and neutral images. Results showed increased brain activity in response to unpleasant images compared to neutral images in the right temporal lobe in participants with the DRD4-4R/7R genotype versus participants with the DRD4-4R/4R genotype. The increase in right temporal lobe activity in individuals with DRD4-4R/7R suggests greater involvement in processing negative emotional stimuli. Intriguingly, no differences were found between the two genotypes in the subjective ratings of the images. The findings corroborate the response ready hypothesis, which suggests that individuals with the 7R allele are more responsive to negative emotional stimuli compared to individuals with the 4R allele of the DRD4 gene.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.