ReviewClinical reviews in allergy & immunology2016
Cytokine-Mediated Immunopathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus Infections.
Review in Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology, 2016. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 49 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
49 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 105 citations in OpenAlex.
- HBV reactivation in patients with rheumatoid arthritis treated with anti-interleukin-6: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2023Pooled it
- Viral persistence and immune dysfunction in chronic hepatitis B: Mechanisms of post-treatment antigen asynchrony.iScience · 2026Review
- Interferon therapy-induced reduction in PD-1 + CD8 + and CD160 + CD8 + T cells is associated with functional cure in hepatitis B.BMC infectious diseases · 2025Article
- Article
- Association Between Serum HBV DNA Levels and CCL-20, CD8a, CXCL-16, and GDF-15 in Patients with Chronic Hepatitis B.Viruses · 2025Article
- Microbiome meets immunotherapy: unlocking the hidden predictors of immune checkpoint inhibitors.NPJ biofilms and microbiomes · 2025Article
- Review
- Galectins and Liver Diseases.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Influence of cytokines on the recovery trajectory of HIV patients on antiretroviral therapy: A review.Medicine · 2025Review
- Tryptophan metabolic reprogramming modulates cytokine networks in nucleos(t)ide analogue-treated chronic hepatitis B patients.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2025Article
- Investigating the clinical significance of OAS family genes in breast cancer: an in vitro and in silico study.Hereditas · 2024Article
- Associations between single nucleotide polymorphisms of cytokines and hepatitis B virus-related liver cirrhosis: A case-control study.Immunity, inflammation and disease · 2024Article
- Novel role of MHC class II transactivator in hepatitis B virus replication and viral counteraction.Clinical and molecular hepatology · 2024Article
- Expression of 10 circulating cytokines/chemokines in HBV-related liver disease.Infectious agents and cancer · 2024Article
- Uncovering the flip side of immune checkpoint inhibitors: a comprehensive review of immune-related adverse events and predictive biomarkers.International journal of biological sciences · 2024Review
- The Role of Interleukins in HBV Infection: A Narrative Review.Journal of personalized medicine · 2023Review
- Interleukin-37 suppresses the cytotoxicity of hepatitis B virus peptides-induced CD8+ T cells in patients with acute hepatitis B.Biomolecules & biomedicine · 2023Article
- Cellular and Molecular Mechanisms of Pathogenic and Protective Immune Responses to SARS-CoV-2 and Implications of COVID-19 Vaccines.Vaccines · 2023Review
- JNK/c-Jun pathway activation is essential for HBx-induced IL-35 elevation to promote persistent HBV infection.Journal of clinical laboratory analysis · 2023Article
- Effects of dietaryFrontiers in veterinary science · 2023Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection is a worldwide health problem, with approximately one third of populations have been infected, among which 3-5% of adults and more than 90% of children developed to chronic HBV infection. Host immune factors play essential roles in the outcome of HBV infection. Thus, ineffective immune response against HBV may result in persistent virus replications and liver necroinflammations, then lead to chronic HBV infection, liver cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Cytokine balance was shown to be an important immune characteristic in the development and progression of hepatitis B, as well as in an effective antiviral immunity. Large numbers of cytokines are not only involved in the initiation and regulation of immune responses but also contributing directly or indirectly to the inhibition of virus replication. Besides, cytokines initiate downstream signaling pathway activities by binding to specific receptors expressed on the target cells and play important roles in the responses against viral infections and, therefore, might affect susceptibility to HBV and/or the natural course of the infection. Since cytokines are the primary causes of inflammation and mediates liver injury after HBV infection, we have discussed recent advances on the roles of various cytokines [including T helper type 1 cells (Th1), Th2, Th17, regulatory T cells (Treg)-related cytokines] in different phases of HBV infection and cytokine-related mechanisms for impaired viral control and liver damage during HBV infection. We then focus on experimental therapeutic applications of cytokines to gain a better understanding of this newly emerging aspect of disease pathogenesis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.