ArticleReproductive health2014
Increasing incidence of pregnancy among women receiving HIV care and treatment at a large urban facility in western Uganda.
Article in Reproductive health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 19 papers.
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Who cites it
19 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
- Incidence and predictors of pregnancy among reproductive-age women in an ART clinic of public health facilities in Arsi zone, southeastern ethiopia: a five-year retrospective cohort study.BMC women's health · 2025Article
- Fertility trends by HIV status in a health and demographic surveillance study in Magu District, Tanzania, 1994-2018.PloS one · 2023Article
- Effect of predictors on incidence rate of pregnancy among reproductive age women on antiretroviral therapy at public hospitals of Jigjiga and Harar Towns, Eastern Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.BMC women's health · 2022Article
- Pregnancy rates and outcomes in a longitudinal HIV cohort in the context of evolving antiretroviral treatment provision in South Africa.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2022Article
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- The barriers and facilitators of HIV-exposed infant testing as perceived by HIV-positive mothers in Botswana: A qualitative study.PloS one · 2022Article
- Decreasing incidence of pregnancy among HIV-positive adolescents in a large HIV treatment program in western Kenya between 2005 and 2017: a retrospective cohort study.Reproductive health · 2020Article
- Article
- Pregnancy in women diagnosed with HIV on antiretroviral therapy in Ethiopia: a retrospective cohort study.The Pan African medical journal · 2020Article
- Article
- Effect of antiretroviral therapy on fertility rate among women living with HIV in Tabora, Tanzania: An historical cohort study.PloS one · 2019Article
- Article
- Contraceptive use following unintended pregnancy among Ugandan women living with HIV.PloS one · 2018Article
- Pregnancy and HIV Disease Progression in an Early Infection Cohort from Five African Countries.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2017Article
- Pregnancy incidence and intention after HIV diagnosis among women living with HIV in Canada.PloS one · 2017Article
- Incidence and Predictors of Pregnancy among Women on ART in Debre Markos Referral Hospital, Northwest Ethiopia:AIDS research and treatment · 2017Article
- Pregnancy rate and birth outcomes among women receiving antiretroviral therapy in Burkina Faso: a retrospective cohort study.The Pan African medical journal · 2016Article
- Combination Antiretroviral Therapy for HIV in Rwandan Adults: Clinical Outcomes and Impact on Reproductive Health up to 24 Months.AIDS research and treatment · 2015Article
- Contraceptive use and associated factors among women enrolling into HIV care in southwestern Uganda.Infectious diseases in obstetrics and gynecology · 2012Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundAntiretroviral treatment restores physical functioning and may have an impact on fertility desires. Counseling is given to HIV positive women to create awareness and to provide information on pregnancy and delivery. The purpose of this study was to determine the incidence of pregnancy and factors that predict pregnancy among women of reproductive age receiving HIV care and treatment at a large urban center in western Uganda.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective cohort study using routinely collected data at the Immune Suppression (ISS) Clinic of Mbarara Regional Referral Hospital located in Mbarara District, western Uganda collected between January 2006 and June 2010. Women aged 15 to 50 years were eligible for analysis. The primary outcome was incidence of pregnancy calculated as number of pregnancies per 1000 person years (PY). Data was analyzed by calendar year and year of enrolment and used survival analysis to determine the predictors of pregnancy.
resultsA total of 3144 women were included with a median follow up of 12.5 months. The overall incidence rate was 90.7 pregnancies per 1000 person years. Incidence increased from 29.8 pregnancies per 1000 PY in 2006 to 122 pregnancies per 1000 PY in 2010 (p < 0.001). Significant predictors for pregnancy were younger age (HR 10.96 95% CI 3.22-37.2), married (HR 2.09 95% CI 1.69-2.64) and single (HR 1.95 95% CI 1.34-2.84) compared to widowed or separated, primary education (HR 1.65 95% CI 1.02-2.66), not knowing the HIV status of the spouse (HR 1.46, 95%CI 1.13-1.93) compared to knowing. The use of family planning (HR 0.23 95% CI 0.18- 0.30) and an increase in CD4 count between baseline and most recent count were protective against pregnancy. ART use was not a significant predictor.
conclusionIncidence of pregnancy among women receiving routine HIV care and treatment has increased and is almost comparable to that in the general population. Thus routine HIV care should integrate reproductive health needs for these women.
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