ReviewInternational journal of molecular sciences2014
Smoking and rheumatoid arthritis.
Review in International journal of molecular sciences, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 157 papers, 8 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
157 citing papers in PubMed, 8 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 326 citations in OpenAlex.
- Environmental exposures in autoimmune inflammatory rheumatic diseases: a priority-based evidence map, immune-mechanism integration audit and research agenda.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Abatacept and the risk of malignancy: a meta-analysis across disease indications.Rheumatology (Oxford, England) · 2025Pooled it
- Abatacept and non-melanoma skin cancer in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a comprehensive evaluation of randomised controlled trials and observational studies.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2024Pooled it
- Caffeine, Coffee, Tea and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis: Systematic Review and Dose-Response Meta-analysis of Prospective Cohort Studies.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Pooled it
- Environmental factors influencing the risk of ANCA-associated vasculitis.Frontiers in immunology · 2022Pooled it
- Impact of parental rheumatoid arthritis on risk of autism spectrum disorders in offspring: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in medicine · 2022Pooled it
- Exploring the effect of alcohol on disease activity and outcomes in rheumatoid arthritis through systematic review and meta-analysis.Scientific reports · 2021Pooled it
- Smoking cessation intervention for reducing disease activity in chronic autoimmune inflammatory joint diseases.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- Malignancy risk with tofacitinib versus TNF inhibitors in rheumatoid arthritis: results from the open-label, randomised controlled ORAL Surveillance trial.Annals of the rheumatic diseases · 2023Trial
- Clinical and healthcare burden of difficult-to-treat rheumatoid arthritis in Japan: a retrospective cohort study.BMJ open · 2026Observational
- Observational
- Diagnostic and monitoring value of serum interleukin-33 and rs16924159 polymorphism in relation to disease activity and tumor necrosis factor inhibitor response in rheumatoid arthritis.Journal of rheumatic diseases · 2026Article
- Aryl hydrocarbon receptor pharmacology-mechanisms, ligands, and therapeutic potential.Pharmacological reviews · 2026Review
- Article
- Cigarette Smoke Extract Alters the Inflammatory Secretome of Osteoarthritis-Affected Synovium Increasing Joint Tissue Oxidative Stress in an Indirect Co-Culture Model.Journal of orthopaedic research : official publication of the Orthopaedic Research Society · 2026Article
- Reasons for Using Cannabis Among Adults in the United States: Associations with Demographics, Health Behaviors, Chronic Conditions, and Legal Status.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Pathogenic Drivers of Difficult-to-Treat Rheumatoid Arthritis: Synovium and Beyond.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Review
- Multisite Chronic Pain Reveals Neuro-Immune-Metabolic Dysregulation across Rheumatoid Arthritis and Depression.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2026Article
- Patterns of multimorbidity among low-income adults who smoke with implications for tailored interventions: a cluster analysis using a Mixture of Bernoulli model.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Article
- Cardiovascular rehabilitation in rheumatoid arthritis: evidence and future directions.Rheumatology international · 2025Review
97 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by both genetic and environmental factors. Smoking has been implicated as one of the most important extrinsic risk factors for its development and severity. Recent developments have shed light on the pathophysiology of RA in smokers, including oxidative stress, inflammation, autoantibody formation and epigenetic changes. The association of smoking and the development of RA have been demonstrated through epidemiologic studies, as well as through in vivo and animal models of RA. With increased use of biological agents in addition to standard disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (DMARDs), there has been interest in how smoking affects drug response in RA treatment. Recent evidence suggests the response and drug survival in people treated with anti-tumour necrosis factor (anti-TNF) therapy is poorer in heavy smokers, and possible immunological mechanisms for this effect are presented in the current paper.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.