Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25477975›Full record

ArticleHepatitis monthly2014

Geographic distribution of hepatitis C virus genotypes in pakistan.

Nasar Khan, Muhammad Akmal, Muhammad Hayat, Muhammad Umar, Atta Ullah, Iqbal Ahmed, Kashif Rahim, Sadar Ali, Sulaiman Bahadar, Shamim Saleha

Open access · hybridAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Hepatitis monthly, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
13citing papers in PubMed, 2 pooled it
2.1field-weighted citation impact, top 11% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

13 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 40 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Pooled it
  3. Trial
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. Review
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Association of genotypes with viral load and biochemical markers in HCV-infected Sindhi patients.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]
    Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

10 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.

Nasar KhanDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Muhammad AkmalDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Muhammad HayatDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Muhammad UmarDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Atta UllahDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Iqbal AhmedDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Kashif RahimDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Sadar AliDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Sulaiman BahadarDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Shamim SalehaDepartment of Microbiology, Kohat University of Science and Technology (KUST), Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Kohat, Pakistan.
Kohat University of Science and Technology · PK

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundDistribution of Hepatitis C Virus (HCV) genotypes may be changed over time. Epidemiological Studies on distribution patterns of HCV genotypes in Pakistani population might assist for better treatment options and preventive strategies.

objectivesThis study was conducted to determine distribution patterns of HCV genotypes in different geographical regions of Pakistan. PATIENTS AND

methodsIn this cross-sectional study, 1818 randomly selected patients from different geographical regions of Pakistan, diagnosed with HCV infection by the third generation Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), were included between April 2011 and December 2013. HCV RNA was detected in serum samples of patients by Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT- PCR) of the core region. Qualitative PCR was performed to determine viral load. HCV genotyping was performed by RT-nested PCR using type-specific primers of the core region. Frequency of different genotypes among patients was assessed according to gender, age and geographical region at the time of sampling.

resultsOf 1818 HCV RNA positive samples, HCV genotypes PCR fragments were detected in 1552 (85.5%) samples. HCV genotype 3a was the predominant genotype (39.4%) followed by genotype 2a (24.93%). HCV genotype 3 was the predominant genotype in Punjab and Sindh regions, while genotype 2 was the most predominant genotype in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region and the second predominant genotype after genotype 3 in Sindh region. The incidence of genotype 2a is increasing in our country with decrease in the incidence of genotype 3a. A higher incidence of HCV various genotypes were observed among male patients and those younger than 45 years.

conclusionsThis study may facilitate treatment options and preventive strategies in Pakistan.

Indexed as

Distribution PatternsGeographical RegionsHCV GenotypesPakistan

Identifiers

PMID25477975
PMCPMC4250967
OpenAlexW2160850489

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY-NC
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.