Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25477782›Full record

ReviewFrontiers in cellular neuroscience2014

Neuroinflammation after intracerebral hemorrhage.

Eva Mracsko, Roland Veltkamp

Registry-linked trialOpen access · goldAbstract readReview
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Review in Frontiers in cellular neuroscience, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT04088630 (Fingolimod as a Treatment of Cerebral Edema After Intracerebral Hemorrhage), which is not on this map. Cited by 193 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
193citing papers in PubMed, 3 pooled it
13.5field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT04088630 early_phase1completednot on this mapstarted 2020, after this paper: background citation

Fingolimod as a Treatment of Cerebral Edema After Intracerebral Hemorrhage

TypeinterventionalSponsorWake Forest University Health SciencesRan2020 to 2024Enrolled28ConditionsIntracerebral Hemorrhage, Cerebral Edema, Stroke Hemorrhagic, Intracerebral Hemorrhage, HypertensiveArmsFingolimod, Placebo, Open-label Fingolimod
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

193 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 335 citations in OpenAlex.

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  8. Toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) in neuroinflammation: From acute hemorrhagic stroke to chronic neurodegeneration.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026
    Review
  9. Molecular heterogeneity in human stroke - What can we learn from the peripheral blood transcriptome?Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2026
    Review
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133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

2 authors at 1 institution in 2 countries.

Eva MracskoDepartment of Neurology, University Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany.
Roland VeltkampDepartment of Neurology, University Heidelberg Heidelberg, Germany ; Division of Brain Sciences, Imperial College London, UK.
Heidelberg University · DE

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) is a particularly severe type of stroke for which no specific treatment has been established yet. Although preclinical models of ICH have substantial methodological limitations, important insight into the pathophysiology has been gained. Mounting evidence suggests an important contribution of inflammatory mechanisms to brain damage and potential repair. Neuroinflammation evoked by intracerebral blood involves the activation of resident microglia, the infiltration of systemic immune cells and the production of cytokines, chemokines, extracellular proteases and reactive oxygen species (ROS). Previous studies focused on innate immunity including microglia, monocytes and granulocytes. More recently, the role of adaptive immune cells has received increasing attention. Little is currently known about the interactions among different immune cell populations in the setting of ICH. Nevertheless, immunomodulatory strategies are already being explored in ICH. To improve the chances of translation from preclinical models to patients, a better characterization of the neuroinflammation in patients is desirable.

Indexed as

adaptive immunityinnate immunityintracerebral hemorrhageneuroinflammationstroke

Identifiers

PMID25477782
PMCPMC4238323
OpenAlexW2166034362

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.