ArticleEnvironmental health : a global access science source2014
Chemicals having estrogenic activity can be released from some bisphenol A-free, hard and clear, thermoplastic resins.
Article in Environmental health : a global access science source, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
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- The cytotoxicity assessment of different clear aligner materials.Journal of dental sciences · 2024Article
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- Recent Research onFoods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Review
- Updated Review of the Toxicity of SelectedToxins · 2021Review
- Bisphenol A and its effects on the systemic organs of children.European journal of pediatrics · 2021Review
- Urinary Concentrations of Bisphenol Mixtures during Pregnancy and Birth Outcomes: The MAKE Study.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Prospects on the nano-plastic particles internalization and induction of cellular response in human keratinocytes.Particle and fibre toxicology · 2021Article
- Plastic Products Leach Chemicals That InduceEnvironmental science & technology · 2021Article
- Terephthalic Acid Copolyesters Containing Tetramethylcyclobutanediol for High-Performance Plastics.ChemistryOpen · 2021Review
- Using Estrogenic Activity and Nontargeted Chemical Analysis to Identify Contaminants in Sewage Sludge.Environmental science & technology · 2021Article
- Bisphenol A and S in the Urine of Newborns: Plastic for Non-Food Use Still without Rules.Biology · 2021Article
- Estrogenic activity of capsule coffee using the VM7Luc4E2 assay.Current research in toxicology · 2021Article
- Agrochemicals in freshwater systems and their potential as endocrine disrupting chemicals: A South African context.Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987) · 2021Review
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- Ruminal impaction due to plastic materials - An increasing threat to ruminants and its impact on human health in developing countries.Veterinary world · 2018Review
- Nail polish as a source of exposure to triphenyl phosphate.Environment international · 2016Article
- Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundChemicals that have estrogenic activity (EA) can potentially cause adverse health effects in mammals including humans, sometimes at low doses in fetal through juvenile stages with effects detected in adults. Polycarbonate (PC) thermoplastic resins made from bisphenol A (BPA), a chemical that has EA, are now often avoided in products used by babies. Other BPA-free thermoplastic resins, some hypothesized or advertised to be EA-free, are replacing PC resins used to make reusable hard and clear thermoplastic products such as baby bottles.
methodsWe used two very sensitive and accurate in vitro assays (MCF-7 and BG1Luc human cell lines) to quantify the EA of chemicals leached into ethanol or water/saline extracts of fourteen unstressed or stressed (autoclaving, microwaving, UV radiation) thermoplastic resins. Estrogen receptor (ER)-dependent agonist responses were confirmed by their inhibition with the ER antagonist ICI 182,780.
resultsOur data showed that some (4/14) unstressed and stressed BPA-free thermoplastic resins leached chemicals having significant levels of EA, including one polystyrene (PS), and three Tritan™ resins, the latter reportedly EA-free. Exposure to UV radiation in natural sunlight resulted in an increased release of EA from Tritan™ resins. Triphenyl-phosphate (TPP), an additive used to manufacture some thermoplastic resins such as Tritan™, exhibited EA in both MCF-7 and BG1Luc assays. Ten unstressed or stressed glycol-modified polyethylene terephthalate (PETG), cyclic olefin polymer (COP) or copolymer (COC) thermoplastic resins did not release chemicals with detectable EA under any test condition.
conclusionsThis hazard survey study assessed the release of chemicals exhibiting EA as detected by two sensitive, widely used and accepted, human cell line in vitro assays. Four PC replacement resins (Tritan™ and PS) released chemicals having EA. However, ten other PC-replacement resins did not leach chemicals having EA (EA-free-resins). These results indicate that PC-replacement plastic products could be made from EA-free resins (if appropriate EA-free additives are chosen) that maintain advantages of re-usable plastic items (price, weight, shatter resistance) without releasing chemicals having EA that potentially produce adverse health effects on current or future generations.
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