ArticleBMC public health2014
Sexual behavior and factors associated with young age at first intercourse and HPV vaccine uptake among young women in Germany: implications for HPV vaccination policies.
Article in BMC public health, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 21 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
21 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 35 citations in OpenAlex.
- Drivers of human papillomavirus vaccine uptake in migrant populations and interventions to improve coverage: a systematic review and meta-analysis.The Lancet. Public health · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug use on vaccine acceptance, uptake, and adherence: a systematic review.Alcohol and alcoholism (Oxford, Oxfordshire) · 2024Pooled it
- Inequalities in health care utilization among migrants and non-migrants in Germany: a systematic review.International journal for equity in health · 2018Pooled it
- Peer education on HPV: impact on health sciences students' knowledge, awareness, and concern.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Cost-effectiveness analysis of 9-valent human papillomavirus vaccine combined with screening for cervical cancer in Japan.International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics · 2025Article
- Dynamic characteristics of high-risk HPV infection in women with low-grade cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, based on a community longitudinal study.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2025Article
- The impact of Germany's human papillomavirus immunization program on HPV-related anogenital diseases: a retrospective analysis of claims data from statutory health insurances.Archives of gynecology and obstetrics · 2024Article
- Genital infections in high-risk human papillomavirus positive Paraguayan women aged 30-64 with and without cervical lesions.PloS one · 2024Article
- Association between oral contraceptives and cervical cancer: A retrospective case-control study based on the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2024Article
- Cancer burden in adolescents and young adults in Europe.ESMO open · 2023Article
- Temporal Trends and Differences in Sexuality among Depressed and Non-Depressed Adults in the United States.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Reprogrammed CRISPR-Cas13a targeting the HPV16/18 E6 gene inhibits proliferation and induces apoptosis in E6-transformed keratinocytes.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2020Article
- Genital Dysplasia and Immunosuppression: Why Organ-Specific Therapy Is Important.Inflammatory intestinal diseases · 2019Article
- Prevalence and correlates of cervical abnormalities among female sex workers in Tijuana, Mexico.International journal of STD & AIDS · 2019Article
- Psychopathology is associated with reproductive health risk in European adolescents.Reproductive health · 2018Article
- Observational
- Cost-effectiveness of human papillomavirus vaccination in Germany.Cost effectiveness and resource allocation : C/E · 2017Article
- The Prevalence of High-Risk HPV Types and Factors Determining Infection in Female Colombian Adolescents.PloS one · 2016Article
- Human Papillomavirus Prevalence and Herd Immunity after Introduction of Vaccination Program, Scotland, 2009-2013.Emerging infectious diseases · 2016Article
- "A Somali girl is Muslim and does not have premarital sex. Is vaccination really necessary?" A qualitative study into the perceptions of Somali women in the Netherlands about the prevention of cervical cancer.International journal for equity in health · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundIn Germany, immunization against human papillomaviruses (HPV) is free of charge for all females aged 12 to 17 years. Since HPV infection rates rise soon after first intercourse, immunization against HPV should be completed before sexual debut. Knowledge of country-specific data on age at first intercourse and related risk factors is important to optimize prevention of HPV and other sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, the primary aim of this study was to describe sexual behavior in young women in Germany. Secondary aims were to identify factors that are (i) associated with younger age at first intercourse and (ii) with HPV vaccine uptake.
methodsBetween 2010 and 2012, we conducted a cross-sectional study among randomly selected women aged 20 to 25 years in Germany. We used a structured, self-administered questionnaire to collect sociodemographic data, information on sexual habits such as age at first intercourse, and information on HPV vaccine uptake. We used univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses to identify factors associated with younger age at first intercourse and with HPV vaccine uptake.
resultsA total of 823 women (response rate: 14.2%) participated, 785 (95.4%) of which reported having had intercourse already. 70% of these women experienced first intercourse before the age of 18 years. However, less than 5% were younger than 14 years at sexual debut. Younger age at first intercourse was independently associated with a higher number of sexual partners, smoking, and past pregnancies. HPV vaccine uptake was associated with higher education, whereas smoking and a migrant background reduced the chance of being vaccinated.
conclusionIn Germany, only a small proportion of women experienced first intercourse before the age of 14 years. Younger age at first intercourse was associated with behavior that might increase the risk of HPV infections or other sexually transmitted infections. Therefore, to optimize the HPV vaccination strategy, HPV vaccination series should be completed before the age of 14 years in Germany.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.