SynthesisCritical care (London, England)2014
Vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for infection, sepsis and mortality in the critically ill: systematic review and meta-analysis.
Synthesis in Critical care (London, England), 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT03001687 (Impact of Vitamin D Enteral Supplementation on Hepcidin Serum Levels and Transfusion Requirements in Surgical and Critically Ill Patients), which is not on this map. Cited by 148 papers, 15 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Impact of Vitamin D Enteral Supplementation on Hepcidin Serum Levels and Transfusion Requirements in Surgical and Critically Ill Patients
Who cites it
148 citing papers in PubMed, 15 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 302 citations in OpenAlex.
- Vitamin D Status and Sepsis Outcomes: A PRISMA-Compliant Umbrella Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2026Pooled it
- Vitamin D supplementation and mortality among critically ill adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- A systematic review and meta-analysis of Vitamin D status and clinical outcomes in critically ill neonates.Frontiers in nutrition · 2026Pooled it
- Assessment of the influence of vitamin D in patients with sepsis: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- Effects of different vitamins on individuals with septic shock: a Bayesian NMA of RCTs.Frontiers in nutrition · 2025Pooled it
- The effect of vitamin D supplementation on antibiotic use: a meta-analysis based on randomized controlled trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2024Pooled it
- The Global Prevalence of Vitamin D Deficiency and Insufficiency in Patients with Multiple Myeloma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.Nutrients · 2023Pooled it
- Vitamin D and Multiple Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Observational Studies, Randomized Controlled Trials, and Mendelian Randomization Studies.Advances in nutrition (Bethesda, Md.) · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- The Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation on Clinical Outcomes for Critically Ill Patients: A Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Clinical Trials.Frontiers in nutrition · 2021Pooled it
- Serum 25-Hydroxyvitamin D and the risk of mortality in adult patients with Sepsis: a meta-analysis.BMC infectious diseases · 2020Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency and clinical outcomes related to septic shock in children with critical illness: a systematic review.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2019Pooled it
- The association between vitamin D status and tuberculosis in children: A meta-analysis.Medicine · 2018Pooled it
- Vitamin D deficiency in critically ill children: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Critical care (London, England) · 2017Pooled it
- Randomised trials of vitamin DIntensive care medicine · 2017Pooled it
- Trial
- Impact of vitamin D supplementation in the prognosis of patients with SARS-CoV2 pneumonia admitted to the intensive care unit - a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Trial
- A phase II dose evaluation pilot feasibility randomized controlled trial of cholecalciferol in critically ill children with vitamin D deficiency (VITdAL-PICU study).BMC pediatrics · 2023Trial
- Vitamin D Supplementation and Clinical Outcomes in Severe COVID-19 Patients-Randomized Controlled Trial.Nutrients · 2023Trial
- Citrate dose for continuous hemofiltration: effect on calcium and magnesium balance, parathormone and vitamin D status, a randomized controlled trial.BMC nephrology · 2021Trial
88 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionIn Europe, vitamin D deficiency is highly prevalent varying between 40% and 60% in the healthy general adult population. The consequences of vitamin D deficiency for sepsis and outcome in critically ill patients remain controversial. We therefore systematically reviewed observational cohort studies on vitamin D deficiency in the intensive care unit.
methodsFourteen observational reports published from January 2000 to March 2014, retrieved from Pubmed and Embase, involving 9,715 critically ill patients and serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 (25 (OH)-D) concentrations, were meta-analysed.
resultsLevels of 25 (OH)-D less than 50 nmol/L were associated with increased rates of infection (risk ratio (RR) 1.49, 95% (confidence interval (CI) 1.12 to 1.99), P = 0.007), sepsis (RR 1.46, 95% (CI 1.27 to 1.68), P <0.001), 30-day mortality (RR 1.42, 95% (CI 1.00 to 2.02), P = 0.05), and in-hospital mortality (RR 1.79, 95% (CI 1.49 to 2.16), P <0.001). In a subgroup analysis of adjusted data including vitamin D deficiency as a risk factor for 30-day mortality the pooled RR was 1.76 (95% CI 1.37 to 2.26, P <0.001).
conclusionsThis meta-analysis suggests that vitamin D deficiency increases susceptibility for severe infections and mortality of the critically ill.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.