ArticleBMC pregnancy and childbirth2014
Impact of singlehood during pregnancy on dietary intake and birth outcomes- a study in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study.
Article in BMC pregnancy and childbirth, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed, 26 citations in OpenAlex.
- African American Food Environments and Anti-Inflammatory Intake in Pregnancy.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Association of premarital pregnancy with adverse birth outcomes and its characteristics in Japan.Contraception and reproductive medicine · 2025Article
- Implications of a Reduced Length of Postpartum Hospital Stay on Maternal and Neonatal Readmissions, an Observational Study.Maternal and child health journal · 2023Observational
- Contributors to Preterm Birth: Data from a Single Polish Perinatal Center.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Article
- Association between Maternal Factors, Preterm Birth, and Low Birth Weight of Chilean Singletons.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2022Article
- Lack of concern about body image and health during pregnancy linked to excessive gestational weight gain and small-for-gestational-age deliveries: the Japan Environment and Children's Study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2021Article
- Perinatal outcomes of frequent attendance in midwifery care in the Netherlands: a retrospective cohort study.BMC pregnancy and childbirth · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundLittle attention has been given to the impact of singlehood during pregnancy. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of marital status on diet during pregnancy and pregnancy outcome.
methodsThe study population comprised 62,773 women participating in the Norwegian Mother and Child Cohort Study. Marital status was categorised into singles living alone, singles living with parents and married/cohabiting (reference group). Participants answered a general health questionnaire in gestational week 15-17 and a food frequency questionnaire in gestational week 22. We used nonparametric tests to compare dietary intakes by marital status, and multiple logistic regression to estimate odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for infants being small for gestational age (SGA), large for gestational age (LGA), and preterm delivery (defined as delivery before gestational week 37).
resultsSingle women living with parents had lower intakes of fruits and vegetables, higher intake of total energy, higher proportion of energy from added sugar, and lower intake of fibre than the reference group. Singles living alone also had a higher intake of added sugar. In both of the single groups, daily smoking was more prevalent than in women living with a partner. In analyses adjusted for maternal age, pre-pregnancy BMI, energy intake, energy contributed by protein, education, income, parity and nausea, single women living alone had increased risk of SGA with OR = 1.27 (95% CI: 1.05, 1.55). When smoking was included among the confounding variables, the association was no longer significant. Likewise, singles living alone had increased risk of preterm delivery, with OR = 1.32 (95% CI: 1.01, 1.72) in a partly adjusted model, but the association did not remain significant in a model fully adjusted for confounding variables.
conclusionsSingle mothers had lower dietary quality and included more smokers than women who lived with a partner. Single mothers living alone had higher prevalence of SGA and preterm delivery, but the associations with adverse pregnancy outcomes were confounded by other variables. This study shows that single mothers should be given special attention during antenatal care and counselling.
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