Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25474435›Full record

ArticleMedicine2014

Fracture as an independent risk factor of dementia: a nationwide population-based cohort study.

Chun-Hao Tsai, Chieh-Sen Chuang, Chih-Hung Hung, Cheng-Li Lin, Fung-Chang Sung, Chih-Hsin Tang, Horng-Chang Hsu, Chi-Jung Chung

Erratum issuedOpen access · goldAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Medicine, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 29 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
29citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
1.2field-weighted citation impact, top 20% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

29 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 50 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
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  5. Brain-Bone Axis in Physiological and Pathological Conditions.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.

Chun-Hao TsaiFrom the Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine (C-HT, H-CH); Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung (C-HT, C-HH, C-HT, H-CH); Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, College of Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HT, C-HT, H-CH); Department of Orthopedics, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan (C-HT,C-HH, H-CH); Department of Neurology, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua (C-SC); Department of Life Sciences, National Chung-Hsing University (C-SC); Management Office for Health Data, China Medical University Hospital (C-LL); Department of Public Health, China Medical University (C-LL, F-CS); Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine (C-HT); Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital (C-JC); and Department of Health Risk Management, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan (C-JC).
Chieh-Sen Chuang
Chih-Hung Hung
Cheng-Li Lin
Fung-Chang Sung
Chih-Hsin Tang
Horng-Chang Hsu
Chi-Jung Chung
HTC (Taiwan) · TWChina Medical University · TW

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Dementia is among various diseases affecting the elderly, who is also at a high risk for fractures. This study aimed to evaluate the association between fracture history and sequential risk of dementia in Taiwan.A retrospective cohort study was designed using the claims data of the entire insured residents covered by Taiwan's universal health insurance from 1998 to 2010. A total of 66,797 patients with fractures and 133,594 control subjects without fractures were matched in terms of age (±5 years), sex, and index year and then recruited. Fractures and dementia were defined in accordance with the International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision, Clinical Modification. The influence of fractures on the risk of dementia was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards model.After a 12-year follow-up period, 2775 and 3991 incident cases of dementia were reported in exposed and unexposed cohorts, respectively. The overall incidence rate of dementia in individuals with fractures was 41% higher than that in individuals without fractures (6.05 vs 4.30 per 1000 person-years) at an adjusted hazard ratio of 1.38 (95% confidence interval 1.32-1.45) after age, sex, urbanization, and individual disorders or comorbidities were adjusted. Considering fracture location, we found that patients with hip fractures were at a slightly high risk for dementia. The occurrence of multiple fractures at a single visit was also significantly associated with an increased risk of dementia.Fracture history is regarded as an independent risk factor of dementia in individuals aged ≥65 years, particularly those who suffered from multiple fractures and/or fractures located in the hip. Further studies are needed to support an independent role of fracture in dementia considering the clinical information and other comorbidities.

Indexed as

AdultAgedAge FactorsCase-Control StudiesCohort StudiesDementiaFemaleFractures, BoneHumansIncidenceMaleMiddle AgedProportional Hazards ModelsRisk FactorsTaiwanUniversal Health Insurance

Identifiers

PMID25474435
PMCPMC4616393
OpenAlexW2316016675

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.