Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25473848›Full record

ReviewBioconjugate chemistry2015

Fluorine-18 radiochemistry, labeling strategies and synthetic routes.

Orit Jacobson, Dale O Kiesewetter, Xiaoyuan Chen

Open access · greenAbstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Bioconjugate chemistry, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 200 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
200citing papers in PubMed
9.8field-weighted citation impact, top 1% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

200 citing papers in PubMed, 487 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Review
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  3. A Ni-Mediated Cross-Coupling Approach to DeuteratedJournal of the American Chemical Society · 2026
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  4. Fully Automated Azeotropic Drying-Free Synthesis of [Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026
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  5. Chemical science · 2026
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  6. Easy and versatile preparation ofEJNMMI radiopharmacy and chemistry · 2026
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  7. Article
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  10. Aryl Sulfamoyl [Journal of medicinal chemistry · 2026
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  12. Article
  13. Synthesis of [RSC advances · 2026
    Article
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English) · 2026
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Review
  19. Article
  20. Trifluoromethylation of alkyl electrophiles withScience (New York, N.Y.) · 2025
    Article

140 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.

Orit JacobsonLaboratory of Molecular Imaging and Nanomedicine, National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering, National Institutes of Health , Bethesda, Maryland 20892, United States.
Dale O Kiesewetter
Xiaoyuan Chen
National Institutes of Health · USNational Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering · US

Funding

Laboratory of Molecular Imaging and NanomedicineZIAEB000073 · NIBIB · NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF BIOMEDICAL IMAGING AND BIOENGINEERING · PI CHEN, XIAOYUAN · 2010 to 2020
$32.8M
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Fluorine-18 is the most frequently used radioisotope in positron emission tomography (PET) radiopharmaceuticals in both clinical and preclinical research. Its physical and nuclear characteristics (97% β(+) decay, 109.7 min half-life, 635 keV positron energy), along with high specific activity and ease of large scale production, make it an attractive nuclide for radiochemical labeling and molecular imaging. Versatile chemistry including nucleophilic and electrophilic substitutions allows direct or indirect introduction of (18)F into molecules of interest. The significant increase in (18)F radiotracers for PET imaging accentuates the need for simple and efficient (18)F-labeling procedures. In this review, we will describe the current radiosynthesis routes and strategies for (18)F labeling of small molecules and biomolecules.

Indexed as

Chemistry Techniques, SyntheticFluorine RadioisotopesHalogenationHumansIsotope LabelingRadiochemistryTransition ElementsFluorine RadioisotopesTransition Elements

Identifiers

PMID25473848
PMCPMC4306521
OpenAlexW2323389052

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.