ArticleStatistica Sinica2012
Stochastic counterfactuals and stochastic sufficient causes.
Article in Statistica Sinica, 2012. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.
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Who cites it
16 citing papers in PubMed.
- Negatives about positivity and consistency as conditions for causal inference.American journal of epidemiology · 2026Article
- The interventionist approach can address questions related to causes of effects if causes are considered as states instead of interventions.Observational studies · 2025Article
- Doubly robust proximal synthetic controls.Biometrics · 2024Article
- On the evolution of concepts of causal and preventive interdependence in epidemiology in the late 20European journal of epidemiology · 2022Article
- Randomization for the susceptibility effect of an infectious disease intervention.Journal of mathematical biology · 2022Article
- SUFFICIENT CAUSE INTERACTIONS FOR CATEGORICAL AND ORDINAL OUTCOMES.Statistica Sinica · 2021Article
- A directed acyclic graph for interactions.International journal of epidemiology · 2021Article
- The "sufficient cause" model framework applied to the periodontitis-systemic diseases link.Journal of periodontology · 2021Article
- On Well-defined Hypothetical Interventions in the Potential Outcomes Framework.Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.) · 2018Article
- Compartmental Model Diagrams as Causal Representations in Relation to DAGs.Epidemiologic methods · 2017Article
- Invited Commentary: The Continuing Need for the Sufficient Cause Model Today.American journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- For and Against Methodologies: Some Perspectives on Recent Causal and Statistical Inference Debates.European journal of epidemiology · 2017Article
- A proof of Bell's inequality in quantum mechanics using causal interactions.Scandinavian journal of statistics, theory and applications · 2015Article
- A competing risks approach to "biologic" interaction.Lifetime data analysis · 2015Article
- Deep determinism and the assessment of mechanistic interaction.Biostatistics (Oxford, England) · 2013Article
- Remarks on antagonism.American journal of epidemiology · 2011Article
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2 authors.
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Abstract
Most work in causal inference concerns deterministic counterfactuals; the literature on stochastic counterfactuals is small. In the stochastic counterfactual setting, the outcome for each individual under each possible set of exposures follows a probability distribution so that for any given exposure combination, outcomes vary not only between individuals but also probabilistically for each particular individual. The deterministic sufficient cause framework supplements the deterministic counterfactual framework by allowing for the representation of counterfactual outcomes in terms of sufficient causes or causal mechanisms. In the deterministic sufficient cause framework it is possible to test for the joint presence of two causes in the same causal mechanism, referred to as a sufficient cause interaction. In this paper, these ideas are extended to the setting of stochastic counterfactuals and stochastic sufficient causes. Formal definitions are given for a stochastic sufficient cause framework. It is shown that the empirical conditions that suffice to conclude the presence of a sufficient cause interaction in the deterministic sufficient cause framework suffice also to conclude the presence of a sufficient cause interaction in the stochastic sufficient cause framework. Two examples from the genetics literature, in which there is evidence that sufficient cause interactions are present, are discussed in light of the results in this paper.
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