ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2015
Nocardia-induced granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor is neutralized by autoantibodies in disseminated/extrapulmonary nocardiosis.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 95 citations in OpenAlex.
- Pooled it
- Nocardiosis Associated with Primary Immunodeficiencies (Nocar-DIP): an International Retrospective Study and Literature Review.Journal of clinical immunology · 2020Pooled it
- GM-CSF orchestrates monocyte and granulocyte responses to Cryptococcus gattii.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- Anti-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor autoantibodies: A rising cause of infectious diseases.PLoS pathogens · 2026Article
- A bioluminescent inhibition immunoassay for detecting GM-CSF inhibitory activity in serum.Clinical and experimental immunology · 2026Article
- Risk Factors and Outcomes of Disseminated Nocardiosis Across Host Risk Groups.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- ConcurrentCase reports in infectious diseases · 2026Article
- mGem: When immunity turns against itself-GM-CSF autoantibodies drive opportunistic infection risk.mBio · 2025Review
- Recombinant GM-CSF drug evaluation review.Immunotherapy · 2025Review
- Neutralizing GM-CSF autoantibodies impair neutrophil antifungal effector function in a patient with aspergillosis.The Journal of infection · 2025Article
- The monogenic landscape of human infectious diseases.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2025Review
- The Pathogenic Role of Anti-Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Autoantibodies in the Nocardiosis with the Central Nervous System Involvement.Journal of clinical immunology · 2024Article
- Pathogenesis-driven treatment of primary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.European respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2024Review
- Article
- Disseminated nocardiosis and anti-GM-CSF antibodies.European journal of clinical microbiology & infectious diseases : official publication of the European Society of Clinical Microbiology · 2024Article
- Anti-cytokine autoantibodies: mechanistic insights and disease associations.Nature reviews. Immunology · 2024Review
- Human autoantibodies neutralizing type I IFNs: From 1981 to 2023.Immunological reviews · 2024Review
- Anticytokine Autoantibodies in Infectious Diseases: A Practical Overview.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Review
- Anti-GM-CSF Neutralizing Autoantibodies in Colombian Patients with Disseminated Cryptococcosis.Journal of clinical immunology · 2023Review
- Of Mycelium and Men: Inherent Human Susceptibility to Fungal Diseases.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2023Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 8 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundNocardia species cause infections in both immunocompromised and otherwise immunocompetent patients, although the mechanisms defining susceptibility in the latter group are elusive. Anticytokine autoantibodies are an emerging cause of pathogen-specific susceptibility in previously healthy human immunodeficiency virus-uninfected adults, including anti-granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) autoantibodies with cryptococcal meningitis.
methodsPlasma from patients with disseminated/extrapulmonary nocardiosis and healthy controls was screened for anticytokine autoantibodies using a particle-based approach. Autoantibody function was assessed by intranuclear staining for GM-CSF-induced STAT5 phosphorylation in normal cells incubated with either patient or normal plasma. GM-CSF-mediated cellular activation by Nocardia was assessed by staining for intracellular cytokine production and intranuclear STAT5 phosphorylation.
resultsWe identified neutralizing anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies in 5 of 7 patients studied with central nervous system nocardiosis and in no healthy controls (n = 14). GM-CSF production was induced by Nocardia in vitro, suggesting a causative role for anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies in Nocardia susceptibility and dissemination.
conclusionsIn previously healthy adults with otherwise unexplained disseminated/extrapulmonary Nocardia infections, anti-GM-CSF autoantibodies should be considered. Their presence may suggest that these patients may be at risk for later development of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis or other opportunistic infections, and that patients may benefit from therapeutic GM-CSF administration.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.