ArticleBMC infectious diseases2014
Vitamin D deficiency is associated with community-acquired clostridium difficile infection: a case-control study.
Article in BMC infectious diseases, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 11 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
11 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 21 citations in OpenAlex.
- Clinical Practice Guidelines for Clostridium difficile Infection in Adults and Children: 2017 Update by the Infectious Diseases Society of America (IDSA) and Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA).Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2018Guideline
- High Dose Intramuscular Vitamin D3 Supplementation Impacts the Gut Microbiota of Patients WithFrontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2022Trial
- Serum 25-hydroxyvitamin D levels andArchives of medical science : AMS · 2026Article
- Physiology of Vitamin D-Focusing on Disease Prevention.Nutrients · 2024Review
- Genotype Prevalence of Lactose Deficiency, Vitamin D Deficiency, and the Vitamin D Receptor in a Chilean Inflammatory Bowel Disease Cohort: Insights from an Observational Study.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Observational
- Host and Clostridioides difficile-Response Modulated by Micronutrients and Glutamine: An Overview.Frontiers in nutrition · 2022Review
- Vitamin D and Gastric Cancer: A Ray of Sunshine?Cureus · 2021Review
- Difference in Vitamin D Levels Between Children withPediatric gastroenterology, hepatology & nutrition · 2021Article
- Acid-Suppressive Therapy and Risk of Infections: Pros and Cons.Clinical drug investigation · 2017Review
- Microbiome-Epigenome Interactions and the Environmental Origins of Inflammatory Bowel Diseases.Journal of pediatric gastroenterology and nutrition · 2016Review
- Perioperative risk factors in patients with a femoral neck fracture - influence of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and C-reactive protein on postoperative medical complications and 1-year mortality.BMC musculoskeletal disorders · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundClostridium difficile infection (CDI) is increasingly recognized as an important community acquired pathogen causing disease (CA-CDI). Vitamin D [25(OH)D] has immune modulatory effects and plays an important role in intestinal immunity. The role of vitamin D in CA-CDI has not been examined previously.
methodsThis was a single referral center case-control study. Cases comprised of all patients with CA-CDI who had a serum 25(OH)D measured within 12 months prior to infection. Controls were drawn from patients who had 25(OH)D checked and matched based on age, gender, race and health status. Serum 25(OH)D was stratified as < 15 ng/mL, 15-30 ng/mL or > 30 ng/mL. Regression models adjusting for potential confounders were used to define independent association between vitamin D and CA-CDI.
resultsWe identified 58 matched case-control pairs (66% women; 85% Caucasian). The mean age was 62 years. The mean serum 25(OH)D level was significantly lower in CA-CDI cases compared to controls (28.5 ng/mL vs. 33.8 ng/mL, p = 0.046). Cases had higher rate of antibiotic exposure and more comorbidity. Serum 25(OH)D < 15 ng/mL was associated with an increased risk of CA-CDI on univariate (Odds ratio (OR) 5.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.51 - 17.24) and multivariate analysis (OR 3.84, 95% CI 1.10 - 13.42). Vitamin D levels between 15-30 ng/mL did not modify disease risk.
conclusionsLow serum 25(OH)D < 15 ng/mL was associated with increased risk of CA-CDI. This suggests vitamin D may have a role in determining susceptibility to CA-CDI.
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Registered trials
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