ArticlePloS one2014
Seasonal patterns of mixed species groups in large East African mammals.
Article in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 33 citations in OpenAlex.
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- A ceratopsid-dominated tracksite from the Dinosaur Park Formation (Campanian) at Dinosaur Provincial Park, Alberta, Canada.PloS one · 2025Article
- Identifying the social context of single- and mixed-species group formation in large African herbivores.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2023Article
- Seasonal variation in molecular and physiological stress markers in Asian elephants.Conservation physiology · 2023Article
- Article
- Refining the stress gradient hypothesis for mixed species groups of African mammals.Scientific reports · 2022Article
- Diurnal and Nocturnal Behaviour of Cheetahs (Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Minimizing the Effects of Social Isolation of Horses by Contact with Animals of a Different Species: The Domestic Goat as an Example.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2022Article
- Behavioural adjustments in the social associations of a precocial shorebird mediate the costs and benefits of grouping decisions.The Journal of animal ecology · 2022Article
- Population dynamics of the Manyara monkey (Primate biology · 2022Article
- Article
- Mixed-species herding levels the landscape of fear.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2020Article
- Alarm communication networks as a driver of community structure in African savannah herbivores.Ecology letters · 2020Article
- Using social network analysis of mixed-species groups in African savannah herbivores to assess how community structure responds to environmental change.Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences · 2019Article
- Multiple adaptive and non-adaptive processes determine responsiveness to heterospecific alarm calls in African savannah herbivores.Proceedings. Biological sciences · 2018Article
- Large mammal declines and the incipient loss of mammal-bird mutualisms in an African savanna ecosystem.PloS one · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
4 authors at 3 institutions in 3 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Mixed mammal species groups are common in East African savannah ecosystems. Yet, it is largely unknown if co-occurrences of large mammals result from random processes or social preferences and if interspecific associations are consistent across ecosystems and seasons. Because species may exchange important information and services, understanding patterns and drivers of heterospecific interactions is crucial for advancing animal and community ecology. We recorded 5403 single and multi-species clusters in the Serengeti-Ngorongoro and Tarangire-Manyara ecosystems during dry and wet seasons and used social network analyses to detect patterns of species associations. We found statistically significant associations between multiple species and association patterns differed spatially and seasonally. Consistently, wildebeest and zebras preferred being associated with other species, whereas carnivores, African elephants, Maasai giraffes and Kirk's dik-diks avoided being in mixed groups. During the dry season, we found that the betweenness (a measure of importance in the flow of information or disease) of species did not differ from a random expectation based on species abundance. In contrast, in the wet season, we found that these patterns were not simply explained by variations in abundances, suggesting that heterospecific associations were actively formed. These seasonal differences in observed patterns suggest that interspecific associations may be driven by resource overlap when resources are limited and by resource partitioning or anti-predator advantages when resources are abundant. We discuss potential mechanisms that could drive seasonal variation in the cost-benefit tradeoffs that underpin the formation of mixed-species groups.
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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.