ReviewHuman brain mapping2015
Beyond BOLD: optimizing functional imaging in stroke populations.
Review in Human brain mapping, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 36 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
36 citing papers in PubMed.
- Functional versus Nonfunctional Rehabilitation in Chronic Ischemic Stroke: Evidences from a Randomized Functional MRI Study.Neural plasticity · 2016Trial
- Frequency-dependent alterations of degree centrality in patients with poststroke depression: a resting-state functional MRI study.Neuroreport · 2026Article
- Interpreting fMRI Studies in Populations with Cerebrovascular Risk: The Use of a Subject-Specific Hemodynamic Response Function.Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Altered Intrinsic Brain Activity in Ischemic Stroke Patients Assessed Using the Percent Amplitude of a Fluctuation Method.Brain topography · 2024Article
- Article
- Generative whole-brain dynamics models from healthy subjects predict functional alterations in stroke at the level of individual patients.Brain communications · 2024Article
- Article
- Cognitive and motor cortex activation during robot-assisted multi-sensory interactive motor rehabilitation training: An fNIRS based pilot study.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2023Article
- Empathy for others versus for one's child: Associations with mothers' brain activation during a social cognitive task and with their toddlers' functioning.Developmental psychobiology · 2022Article
- Alterations in Functional Network Topology Within Normal Hemispheres Contralateral to Anterior Circulation Steno-Occlusive Disease: A Resting-State BOLD Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Phase-dependent Brain Activation of the Frontal and Parietal Regions During Walking After Stroke - An fNIRS Study.Frontiers in neurology · 2022Article
- Edge-centric analysis of stroke patients: An alternative approach for biomarkers of lesion recovery.NeuroImage. Clinical · 2022Article
- Intraoperative Resting-State Functional Connectivity Based on RGB Imaging.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Spectral Resting-State EEG (rsEEG) in Chronic Aphasia Is Reliable, Sensitive, and Correlates With Functional Behavior.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2021Article
- Across-session consistency of context-driven language processing: A magnetoencephalography study.The European journal of neuroscience · 2020Article
- Is the Blood Oxygenation Level-Dependent fMRI Response to Motor Tasks Altered in Children After Neonatal Stroke?Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2020Article
- Intraoperative quantitative functional brain mapping using an RGB camera.Neurophotonics · 2019Article
- Early Functional Connectivity Predicts Recovery from Visual Field Defects after Stroke.Journal of stroke · 2019Article
- Ischemic Stroke in Pontine and Corona Radiata: Location Specific Impairment of Neural Network Investigated With Resting State fMRI.Frontiers in neurology · 2019Article
- Impact of abnormal cerebrovascular reactivity on BOLD fMRI: a preliminary investigation of moyamoya disease.Clinical physiology and functional imaging · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Blood oxygenation level-dependent (BOLD) signal changes are often assumed to directly reflect neural activity changes. Yet the real relationship is indirect, reliant on numerous assumptions, and subject to several sources of noise. Deviations from the core assumptions of BOLD contrast functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and their implications, have been well characterized in healthy populations, but are frequently neglected in stroke populations. In addition to conspicuous local structural and vascular changes after stroke, there are many less obvious challenges in the imaging of stroke populations. Perilesional ischemic changes, remodeling in regions distant to lesion sites, and diffuse perfusion changes all complicate interpretation of BOLD signal changes in standard fMRI protocols. Most stroke patients are also older than the young populations on which assumptions of neurovascular coupling and the typical analysis pipelines are based. We present a review of the evidence to show that the basic assumption of neurovascular coupling on which BOLD-fMRI relies does not capture the complex changes arising from stroke, both pathological and recovery related. As a result, estimating neural activity using the canonical hemodynamic response function is inappropriate in a number of contexts. We review methods designed to better estimate neural activity in stroke populations. One promising alternative to event-related fMRI is a resting-state-derived functional connectivity approach. Resting-state fMRI is well suited to stroke populations because it makes no performance demands on patients and is capable of revealing network-based pathology beyond the lesion site.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.