ArticleBMJ open2014
Spatial variation of heart failure and air pollution in Warwickshire, UK: an investigation of small scale variation at the ward-level.
Article in BMJ open, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The superposition effects of air pollution on government health expenditure in China- spatial evidence from GeoDetector.BMC public health · 2022Article
- Chronic Benzene Exposure Aggravates Pressure Overload-Induced Cardiac Dysfunction.Toxicological sciences : an official journal of the Society of Toxicology · 2021Article
- Exposure to multiple air pollutants and the incidence of coronary heart disease: A fine-scale geographic analysis.The Science of the total environment · 2020Article
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectivesTo map using geospatial modelling techniques the morbidity and mortality caused by heart failure within Warwickshire to characterise and quantify any influence of air pollution on these risks.
designCross-sectional.
settingWarwickshire, UK.
participantsData from all of the 105 current Warwickshire County wards were collected on hospital admissions and deaths due to heart failure.
resultsIn multivariate analyses, the presence of higher mono-nitrogen oxide (NOx) in a ward (3.35:1.89, 4.99), benzene (Ben) (31.9:8.36, 55.85) and index of multiple deprivation (IMD; 0.02: 0.01, 0.03), were consistently associated with a higher risk of heart failure morbidity. Particulate matter (Pm; -12.93: -20.41, -6.54) was negatively associated with the risk of heart failure morbidity. No association was found between sulfur dioxide (SO2) and heart failure morbidity. The risk of heart failure mortality was higher in wards with a higher NOx (4.30: 1.68, 7.37) and wards with more inhabitants 50+ years old (1.60: 0.47, 2.92). Pm was negatively associated (-14.69: -23.46, -6.50) with heart failure mortality. SO2, Ben and IMD scores were not associated with heart failure mortality. There was a prominent variation in heart failure morbidity and mortality risk across wards, the highest risk being in the regions around Nuneaton and Bedworth.
conclusionsThis study showed distinct spatial patterns in heart failure morbidity and mortality, suggesting the potential role of environmental factors beyond individual-level risk factors. Air pollution levels should therefore be taken into account when considering the wider determinants of public health and the impact that changes in air pollution might have on the health of a population.
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