ArticleJournal of neuroimmunology2015
Granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor exerts protective and immunomodulatory effects in cortical trauma.
Article in Journal of neuroimmunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 39 citations in OpenAlex.
- Blood measure of neuronal death is exponentially higher with age, especially in females, and halted in Alzheimer's disease by GM-CSF treatment.Cell reports. Medicine · 2026Article
- Article
- Granulocyte- Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Reverses Immunosuppression Acutely Following a Traumatic Brain Injury and Hemorrhage Polytrauma in a Juvenile Male Rat Model.Journal of neurotrauma · 2024Article
- An open-label multiyear study of sargramostim-treated Parkinson's disease patients examining drug safety, tolerability, and immune biomarkers from limited case numbers.Translational neurodegeneration · 2023Article
- Development of an extended half-life GM-CSF fusion protein for Parkinson's disease.Journal of controlled release : official journal of the Controlled Release Society · 2022Article
- Deep Brain Stimulation of the Interposed Nucleus Reverses Motor Deficits and Stimulates Production of Anti-inflammatory Cytokines in Ataxia Mice.Molecular neurobiology · 2022Article
- Blood-brain barrier opening by intracarotid artery hyperosmolar mannitol induces sterile inflammatory and innate immune responses.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2021Article
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor mRNA and Neuroprotective Immunity in Parkinson's disease.Biomaterials · 2021Article
- Poly I:C Activated Microglia Disrupt Perineuronal Nets and Modulate Synaptic Balance in Primary Hippocampal NeuronsFrontiers in synaptic neuroscience · 2021Article
- Innate Immune System Activation and Neuroinflammation in Down Syndrome and Neurodegeneration: Therapeutic Targets or Partners?Frontiers in aging neuroscience · 2021Review
- Safety and efficacy of sargramostim (GM-CSF) in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease.Alzheimer's & dementia (New York, N. Y.) · 2021Article
- Neuroprotective Activities of Long-Acting Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor (mPDM608) in 1-Methyl-4-Phenyl-1,2,3,6-Tetrahydropyridine-Intoxicated Mice.Neurotherapeutics : the journal of the American Society for Experimental NeuroTherapeutics · 2020Article
- RNA-seq analysis and compound screening highlight multiple signalling pathways regulating secondary cell death after acute CNS injuryBiology open · 2020Article
- Immunotherapy for Parkinson's disease.Neurobiology of disease · 2020Review
- GM-CSF in inflammation.The Journal of experimental medicine · 2020Review
- GM-CSF: A Promising Target in Inflammation and Autoimmunity.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2020Review
- The antidepressant effects of GM-CSF are mediated by the reduction of TLR4/NF-ĸB-induced IDO expression.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2019Article
- Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor neuroprotective activities in Alzheimer's disease mice.Journal of neuroimmunology · 2018Article
- Disrupting the blood-brain barrier by focused ultrasound induces sterile inflammation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2017Article
- Anti-colony-stimulating factor therapies for inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.Nature reviews. Drug discovery · 2016Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Neurodegeneration after traumatic brain injury is facilitated by innate and adaptive immunity and can be harnessed to affect brain repair. In mice subjected to controlled cortical impact (CCI), we show that treatment with granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) affects regulatory T cell numbers in the cervical lymph nodes coincident with decreased lesion volumes and increased cortical tissue sparing. This paralleled increases in neurofilament and diminished reactive microglial staining. Transcriptomic analysis showed that GM-CSF induces robust immune neuroprotective responses seven days following CCI. Together, these results support the therapeutic potential of GM-CSF for TBI.
Indexed as
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.