ReviewNeurosurgical review2015
Cranial dural arteriovenous shunts. Part 1. Anatomy and embryology of the bridging and emissary veins.
Review in Neurosurgical review, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 43 citations in OpenAlex.
- Prevalence of persistent falcine sinus: a systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression of 5,457 subjects.Neurosurgical review · 2026Pooled it
- Vein of foramen caecum and cribriform plate: CT-digital subtraction venography analysis associated with the anterior cranial fossa dural arteriovenous shunts.Neuroradiology · 2026Article
- The enigmatic occipital emissary vein, foramina, and canals: anatomical study with application to skull base surgery.Neurosurgical review · 2026Article
- Venous valves of the head and neck: a narrative review.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2026Review
- The meninges as a neuroimmune interface: structure, barriers and roles in CNS disease.Fluids and barriers of the CNS · 2026Review
- Non-Sinus-Type Dural Arteriovenous Fistula at the Foramen Magnum: A Review of the Literature.Journal of neuroendovascular therapy · 2025Review
- Non-Sinus Type Dural Arteriovenous Fistula: Others.Journal of neuroendovascular therapy · 2025Review
- Detailed Anatomy of Bridging Veins Around the Foramen Magnum: a Multicenter Study Using Three-dimensional Angiography.Clinical neuroradiology · 2024Article
- Bridging veins: an analysis of surgical anatomy and histology correlated with interhemispheric approaches.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2024Article
- Anomalous Frontal Extra-Axial Midline Traversing Vein as the Potential Source of Subarachnoid Hemorrhage.Cureus · 2022Article
- Risk Factors of Aggressive Clinical Presentation in Patients with Angiographically Aggressive Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas.Journal of clinical medicine · 2021Article
- Bridging veins of the cerebellum: a magnetic resonance imaging study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2021Article
- Cortical and bridging veins of the upper cerebral convexity: a magnetic resonance imaging study.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2021Article
- The Cranial Bowl in the New Millennium and Sutherland's Legacy for Osteopathic Medicine: Part 1.Cureus · 2020Review
- Dural Venous Channels: Hidden in Plain Sight-Reassessment of an Under-Recognized Entity.AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology · 2020Article
- The emissary veins of the foramen ovale: an anatomical study using magnetic resonance imaging.Surgical and radiologic anatomy : SRA · 2020Article
- Where Did the Dura Mater Come from?Neurointervention · 2020Article
- The Challenging Clinical Management of Patients with Cranial Dural Arteriovenous Fistula and Secondary Parkinson's Syndrome: Pathophysiology and Treatment Options.Cerebrovascular diseases extra · 2020Review
- Bilateral Severely Stenotic Jugular Foramen: Diagnosis and Management from the Otologist/Neurotologist Point of View.Case reports in otolaryngology · 2020Article
- Cranial dural arteriovenous shunts: selection of the ideal lesion for surgical occlusion according to the classification system.Acta neurochirurgica · 2019Observational
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
We reviewed the anatomy and embryology of the bridging and emissary veins aiming to elucidate aspects related to the cranial dural arteriovenous fistulae. Data from relevant articles on the anatomy and embryology of the bridging and emissary veins were identified using one electronic database, supplemented by data from selected reference texts. Persisting fetal pial-arachnoidal veins correspond to the adult bridging veins. Relevant embryologic descriptions are based on the classic scheme of five divisions of the brain (telencephalon, diencephalon, mesencephalon, metencephalon, myelencephalon). Variation in their exact position and the number of bridging veins is the rule and certain locations, particularly that of the anterior cranial fossa and lower posterior cranial fossa are often neglected in prior descriptions. The distal segment of a bridging vein is part of the dural system and can be primarily involved in cranial dural arteriovenous lesions by constituting the actual site of the shunt. The veins in the lamina cribriformis exhibit a bridging-emissary vein pattern similar to the spinal configuration. The emissary veins connect the dural venous system with the extracranial venous system and are often involved in dural arteriovenous lesions. Cranial dural shunts may develop in three distinct areas of the cranial venous system: the dural sinuses and their interfaces with bridging veins and emissary veins. The exact site of the lesion may dictate the arterial feeders and original venous drainage pattern.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.