ArticleLancet (London, England)2015
Incidence of infective endocarditis in England, 2000-13: a secular trend, interrupted time-series analysis.
Article in Lancet (London, England), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 3 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 193 papers, 11 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Efficacy of Intensive Periodontal Therapy and Premedication With Oral Amoxicilline on Inflammatory Markers and Bacteremia in Patients With Chronic Periodontitis. A Randomized Controlled Trial.
Efficacy of the Application of Moxifloxacin and Cefixime in Reduction of Inflammatory Sequelae and Complications After Mandibular Third Molar Surgery
An Oral Doxycycline Regimen to Prevent Bacteremia Following Dental Procedures
Who cites it
193 citing papers in PubMed, 11 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 522 citations in OpenAlex.
- Antibiotic prophylaxis before dental procedures to prevent infective endocarditis: a systematic review.Infection · 2023Pooled it
- Time to abandon ampicillin plus gentamicin in favour of ampicillin plus ceftriaxone in Enterococcus faecalis infective endocarditis? A meta-analysis of comparative trials.Clinical research in cardiology : official journal of the German Cardiac Society · 2022Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Infective Endocarditis After Melody Valve Implantation in the Pulmonary Position: A Systematic Review.Journal of the American Heart Association · 2018Pooled it
- Guideline
- The effect of interventions aiming to optimise the prescription of antibiotics in dental care-A systematic review.PloS one · 2017Pooled it
- [Infective endocarditis : New ESC guidelines 2015].Der Internist · 2016Guideline
- 3rd Guideline for Perioperative Cardiovascular Evaluation of the Brazilian Society of Cardiology.Arquivos brasileiros de cardiologiaGuideline
- Epidemiology of infective endocarditis beforeTherapeutic advances in cardiovascular diseasePooled it
- Prophylactic Antibiotics for Prevention of Infective Endocarditis or Bacteremia in Pediatric Patients With Congenital Heart Disease Undergoing Dental Procedures: Systematic Review.Special care in dentistry : official publication of the American Association of Hospital Dentists, the Academy of Dentistry for the Handicapped, and the American Society for Geriatric DentistryPooled it
- Post-tooth extraction bacteraemia: a randomized clinical trial on the efficacy of chlorhexidine prophylaxis.PloS one · 2015Trial
- Antibiotic Prophylaxis of Infective Endocarditis in Dentistry: An Update on the ESC, AHA, and NICE Guidelines.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Valve-Specific Anatomy and Structural Determinants of Susceptibility to Infective Endocarditis: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
- Article
- An important change in infective endocarditis prevention guidance.British dental journal · 2026Article
- Tricuspid Valve Infective Endocarditis.Cureus · 2026Article
- Influence of Surgical Timing on the Risk of Permanent Pacemaker Implantation in Acute Aortic Valve Endocarditis.Medicina (Kaunas, Lithuania) · 2026Observational
- Data-driven phenotyping of infective endocarditis using unsupervised machine learning: toward a personalized approach.BMC infectious diseases · 2026Article
- Practice Variation in Infective Endocarditis Prophylaxis for Pediatric and Congenital Heart Disease Patients with Cardiac Implantable Electronic Devices: An International Survey.Pediatric cardiology · 2026Article
133 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundAntibiotic prophylaxis given before invasive dental procedures in patients at risk of developing infective endocarditis has historically been the focus of infective endocarditis prevention. Recent changes in antibiotic prophylaxis guidelines in the USA and Europe have substantially reduced the number of patients for whom antibiotic prophylaxis is recommended. In the UK, guidelines from the National Institute for Health and Clinical Excellence (NICE) recommended complete cessation of antibiotic prophylaxis for prevention of infective endocarditis in March, 2008. We aimed to investigate changes in the prescribing of antibiotic prophylaxis and the incidence of infective endocarditis since the introduction of these guidelines.
methodsWe did a retrospective secular trend study, analysed as an interrupted time series, to investigate the effect of antibiotic prophylaxis versus no prophylaxis on the incidence of infective endocarditis in England. We analysed data for the prescription of antibiotic prophylaxis from Jan 1, 2004, to March 31, 2013, and hospital discharge episode statistics for patients with a primary diagnosis of infective endocarditis from Jan 1, 2000, to March 31, 2013. We compared the incidence of infective endocarditis before and after the introduction of the NICE guidelines using segmented regression analysis of the interrupted time series.
findingsPrescriptions of antibiotic prophylaxis for the prevention of infective endocarditis fell substantially after introduction of the NICE guidance (mean 10,900 prescriptions per month [Jan 1, 2004, to March 31, 2008] vs 2236 prescriptions per month [April 1, 2008, to March 31, 2013], p<0·0001). Starting in March, 2008, the number of cases of infective endocarditis increased significantly above the projected historical trend, by 0·11 cases per 10 million people per month (95% CI 0·05-0·16, p<0·0001). By March, 2013, 35 more cases per month were reported than would have been expected had the previous trend continued. This increase in the incidence of infective endocarditis was significant for both individuals at high risk of infective endocarditis and those at lower risk.
interpretationAlthough our data do not establish a causal association, prescriptions of antibiotic prophylaxis have fallen substantially and the incidence of infective endocarditis has increased significantly in England since introduction of the 2008 NICE guidelines.
fundingHeart Research UK, Simplyhealth, and US National Institutes of Health.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.