ArticleBMC psychiatry2014
Lifestyle factors, demographics and medications associated with depression risk in an international sample of people with multiple sclerosis.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 35 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
35 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 67 citations in OpenAlex.
- Measures of Comorbidities and Frailty in Multiple Sclerosis-Systematic Review on Evidence and Applicability of Utilized Scoring Systems in Clinical Routine and Real-World Data.European journal of neurology · 2025Pooled it
- Pooled it
- Efficacy and safety outcomes in vitamin D supplement users in the fingolimod phase 3 trials.Journal of neurology · 2018Trial
- Clusters of Comorbidities in Multiple Sclerosis and Their Influence on Healthcare Resource Usage.European journal of neurology · 2025Observational
- Depression and anxiety in multiple sclerosis. Review of a fatal combination.Journal of neural transmission (Vienna, Austria : 1996) · 2024Review
- Predictive Model of the Relationship between Appearance, Eating Attitudes, and Physical Activity Behavior in Young People amid COVID-19.Nutrients · 2024Article
- The Interaction between Exercise and Marital Status on Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study of the Taiwan Biobank.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2022Article
- Experiences of and attitudes to lifestyle modification for the management of multiple sclerosis: A qualitative analysis of free-text survey data.Health expectations : an international journal of public participation in health care and health policy · 2022Article
- Higher-quality diet and non-consumption of meat are associated with less self-determined disability progression in people with multiple sclerosis: A longitudinal cohort study.European journal of neurology · 2022Article
- Vitamin D and Depressive Symptoms in Adults with Multiple Sclerosis: A Scoping Review.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2021Article
- Prevalence of Sexual Dysfunction and Related Risk Factors in Men with Multiple Sclerosis in Iran: A Multicenter Study.Neurology and therapy · 2021Article
- Dietary patterns and associations with health outcomes in Australian people with multiple sclerosis.European journal of clinical nutrition · 2021Article
- The effect of depressive symptomatology on the association of vitamin D and sleep.BMC psychiatry · 2021Article
- Views of the Future of Partners of People with Multiple Sclerosis Who Attended a Lifestyle Modification Workshop: A Qualitative Analysis of Perspectives and Experiences.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2020Article
- Article
- Multiple Sclerosis Patients in Saudi Arabia: Prevalence of Depression and its Extent of Severity.Cureus · 2020Article
- A Clinician and Service User's Perspective on Managing MS: Pleasure, Purpose, Practice.Frontiers in psychology · 2020Article
- Taking active steps: Changes made by partners of people with multiple sclerosis who undertake lifestyle modification.PloS one · 2019Article
- Perspectives from the Patient and the Healthcare Professional in Multiple Sclerosis: Social Media and Patient Education.Neurology and therapy · 2018Article
- Treatment choices and neuropsychological symptoms of a large cohort of early MS.Neurology(R) neuroimmunology & neuroinflammation · 2018Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors at 4 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundDepression is the most common co-morbidity for people with Multiple Sclerosis (MS); irrespective of disease severity, depression has the greatest impact on quality of life. An emerging paradigm in the treatment of depression is lifestyle medicine. There is significant potential to prevent and treat depression through modification of lifestyle risk factors for people with MS. This study sought to understand the association between lifestyle risk factors, medication and depression risk through the analysis of self-reported data from a large international sample of people with MS.
methodsThis cross-sectional analysis recruited a total of 2459 participants via Web 2.0 platforms. Survey data included socio-demographics; a range of lifestyle risk factors; medication; disease variables and depression risk using the Patient Health Questionnaire-2 (PHQ-2).
resultsIn total approximately one fifth (19.3%) of our sample screened positive for depression (PHQ-2 score ≥3). Several demographic factors were significantly associated with this depression risk in bivariate analysis. Regression analyses showed that poor diet, low levels of exercise, obesity, smoking, marked social isolation and taking interferon were associated with greater depression risk. Participants who supplemented with omega 3s, particularly flaxseed oil, had frequent fish consumption, supplemented with vitamin D, meditated, and had moderate alcohol consumption had significantly reduced depression risk.
conclusionsThis study demonstrates a significant association between modifiable lifestyle factors and depression risk. Planned longitudinal follow up may clarify causality. Clinicians and people with MS should be aware of the wide range of modifiable lifestyle factors that may reduce depression risk as part of a comprehensive secondary and tertiary preventive medical approach to managing MS.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.