ArticleBehavioural processes2015
Sex differences in spatial navigation and perception in human adolescents and emerging adults.
Article in Behavioural processes, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
20 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 51 citations in OpenAlex.
- Gender differences in the acquisition of surgical skills: a systematic review.Surgical endoscopy · 2015Pooled it
- Preference for directional responding in a virtual Morris water task is associated with increased precuneus activation in adolescent humans.Behavioural brain research · 2026Article
- Static Estimation of Vista-Space Egocentric Distance with Iterative Feedback: A Cognitive-Perceptual Task.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Pre-protocol of the Virtual Spatial Configuration Task (VSCT): A Novel Virtual Reality-Based Tool for Assessing Cognitive Map Formation Abilities.Open research Europe · 2025Article
- Sex-Specific Mechanisms Underlie Long-Term Potentiation at Hippocampus→Medium Spiny Neuron Synapses in the Medial Shell of the Nucleus Accumbens.The Journal of neuroscience : the official journal of the Society for Neuroscience · 2024Article
- Are there sex differences in spatial reference memory in the Morris water maze? A large-sample experimental study.Learning & behavior · 2024Article
- Sex differences in acetylcholinesterase modulation during spatial and fear memory extinction in the amygdala; an animal study in the single prolonged stress model of PTSD.Research in pharmaceutical sciences · 2022Article
- Spatial Olfactory Memory and Spatial Olfactory Navigation, Assessed with a Variant of Corsi Test, Is Modulated by Gender and Sporty Activity.Brain sciences · 2022Article
- Sex and strategy effects on brain activation during a 3D-navigation task.Communications biology · 2022Article
- Association between Hippocampal Volume and Working Memory in 10,000+ 9-10-Year-Old Children: Sex Differences.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2021Article
- Brain Activation during Memory Retrieval is Associated with Depression Severity in Women.Psychiatry research. Neuroimaging · 2021Article
- Effects of Physical Exercise Interventions on Spatial Orientation in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Scoping Review.Frontiers in sports and active living · 2021Article
- Exploring the Spatial Relationships Between Real and Virtual Experiences: What Transfers and What Doesn't.Frontiers in virtual reality · 2020Article
- Evaluation of arthroscopic skills with a virtual reality simulator in first-year orthopaedic residents.International orthopaedics · 2020Article
- Sex-specific contribution of DHEA-cortisol ratio to prefrontal-hippocampal structural development, cognitive abilities and personality traits.Journal of neuroendocrinology · 2019Article
- Prenatal alcohol exposure affects brain function during place learning in a virtual environment differently in boys and girls.Brain and behavior · 2018Article
- Adolescent Hippocampal and Prefrontal Brain Activation During Performance of the Virtual Morris Water Task.Frontiers in human neuroscience · 2018Article
- Sex differences in spatial accuracy relate to the neural activation of antagonistic muscles in young adults.Experimental brain research · 2017Article
- The Use of Laparoscopy Simulation to Explore Gender Differences in Resident Surgical Confidence.Obstetrics and gynecology international · 2017Article
- Sex Differences in Long-Term Potentiation at Temporoammonic-CA1 Synapses: Potential Implications for Memory Consolidation.PloS one · 2016Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Males typically outperform females on spatial tasks, beginning early in life and continuing into adulthood. This study aimed to characterize age and sex differences in human spatial ability using a virtual Water Maze Task (vWMT), which is based on the classic Morris water maze spatial navigation task used in rodents. Performance on the vWMT and on a task assessing visuospatial perception, Mental Rotations Test (MRT), was examined in 33 adolescents and 39 emerging adults. For the vWMT, significant effects of age and sex were observed for path length in the target region (narrower spatial sampling), and heading error, with emerging adults performing better than adolescents, and an overall male advantage. For the MRT, males scored higher than females, but only in emerging adulthood. Overall, sex differences in visuospatial perception (MRT) emerge differently from those observed on a classic navigation task, with age and sex-specific superior vWMT performance likely related to the use of more efficient strategies. Importantly, these results extend the developmental timeline of spatial ability characterization to include adolescent males and females performing a virtual version of the classic vWMT.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.