ArticleThe Journal of urology2015
The prostate health index selectively identifies clinically significant prostate cancer.
Article in The Journal of urology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 152 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
152 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 290 citations in OpenAlex.
- Lipoprotein(a) and Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Observational, Genetic and Mendelian Randomization Evidence.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Pooled it
- Genetically adjusted PSA levels for prostate cancer screening.Nature medicine · 2023Pooled it
- Assessment on clinical value of prostate health index in the diagnosis of prostate cancer.Cancer medicine · 2019Pooled it
- Prostate Health Index and Prostate Health Index Density as Diagnostic Tools for Improved Prostate Cancer Detection.BioMed research international · 2020Trial
- A predictive model based on biparametric magnetic resonance imaging and clinical parameters for improved risk assessment and selection of biopsy-naïve men for prostate biopsies.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2019Trial
- Biomarker potential of ST6GALNAC3 and ZNF660 promoter hypermethylation in prostate cancer tissue and liquid biopsies.Molecular oncology · 2018Trial
- Urinary extracellular vesicle microRNA profiles and prostate cancer biopsy outcome: Moderate discrimination and quantified optimism under leakage-controlled machine learning.Biochemistry and biophysics reports · 2026Article
- Article
- PHI for adverse pathology and PHI density for upgrading: two complementary predictors in localized prostate cancer.Prostate cancer and prostatic diseases · 2026Article
- Article
- Precision Diagnostics in Prostate Cancer: Integrating Biomarkers, Imaging, Genomics, and Artificial Intelligence in Contemporary United States Practice.Medical sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- The Complementary Roles of the Prostate Health Index and Multiparametric Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Optimizing the Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer in Patients With Prostate-Specific Antigen Levels Below 10 Ng/mL.International journal of urology : official journal of the Japanese Urological Association · 2026Observational
- Inflammatory and Epigenetic Biomarkers in Prostate Disease: Current Evidence, Clinical Limitations, and Future Multimarker Strategies.Diagnostics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Observational
- Advancements in nanobiosensors for early cancer detection, challenges, treatment, and future prospects: a comprehensive review.Discover nano · 2026Review
- Irreversible electroporation for localized prostate cancer: risk-stratified oncologic outcomes and functional preservation.Prostate international · 2026Article
- Combining Serum Prostate Health Index With Urinary PCA3 and TMPRSS2:ERG RNA Testing Improves Detection of Clinically Significant Prostate Cancer.JU open plus · 2026Article
- Multivariable model integrating PHI and mpMRI for detecting csPCa in biopsy-naïve men.BJUI compass · 2025Article
- Review
- The combination of prostate health index and multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging in prostate cancer diagnosis: efficacy analysis in different PSA ranges and its clinical decision-guiding value.World journal of urology · 2025Article
92 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
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Authors and funding
16 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
purposeThe Prostate Health Index (phi) is a new test combining total, free and [-2]proPSA into a single score. It was recently approved by the FDA and is now commercially available in the U.S., Europe and Australia. We investigate whether phi improves specificity for detecting clinically significant prostate cancer and can help reduce prostate cancer over diagnosis. MATERIALS AND
methodsFrom a multicenter prospective trial we identified 658 men age 50 years or older with prostate specific antigen 4 to 10 ng/ml and normal digital rectal examination who underwent prostate biopsy. In this population we compared the performance of prostate specific antigen, % free prostate specific antigen, [-2]proPSA and phi to predict biopsy results and, specifically, the presence of clinically significant prostate cancer using multiple criteria.
resultsThe Prostate Health Index was significantly higher in men with Gleason 7 or greater and "Epstein significant" cancer. On receiver operating characteristic analysis phi had the highest AUC for overall prostate cancer (AUCs phi 0.708, percent free prostate specific antigen 0.648, [-2]proPSA 0.550 and prostate specific antigen 0.516), Gleason 7 or greater (AUCs phi 0.707, percent free prostate specific antigen 0.661, [-2]proPSA 0.558, prostate specific antigen 0.551) and significant prostate cancer (AUCs phi 0.698, percent free prostate specific antigen 0.654, [-2]proPSA 0.550, prostate specific antigen 0.549). At the 90% sensitivity cut point for phi (a score less than 28.6) 30.1% of patients could have been spared an unnecessary biopsy for benign disease or insignificant prostate cancer compared to 21.7% using percent free prostate specific antigen.
conclusionsThe new phi test outperforms its individual components of total, free and [-2]proPSA for the identification of clinically significant prostate cancer. Phi may be useful as part of a multivariable approach to reduce prostate biopsies and over diagnosis.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.