Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25463651›Full record

ArticleNature communications2014

Identification of the remains of King Richard III.

Turi E King, Gloria Gonzalez Fortes, Patricia Balaresque, Mark G Thomas, David Balding, Pierpaolo Maisano Delser, Rita Neumann, Walther Parson, Michael Knapp, Susan Walsh and 8 more

Open access · hybridAbstract readPortrait
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Nature communications, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 69 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
69citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
10.0field-weighted citation impact, top 2% of its field
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

69 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 248 citations in OpenAlex.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. The Oral Microbiome of King Richard III of England.American journal of biological anthropology · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
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  12. Inference of human pigmentation from ancient DNA by genotype likelihoods.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2025
    Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Review
  16. Verification of the family tree of the Makino family of the Nagaoka domain by DNA analysis.Anthropological science : journal of the Anthropological Society of Nippon = Jinruigaku zasshi · 2025
    Article
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

9 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

18 authors at 11 institutions in 6 countries.

Turi E King1] Department of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK [2] School of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Gloria Gonzalez Fortes1] Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK [2] Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechtstr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
Patricia BalaresqueUMR5288-CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 Laboratoire Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse Faculté de Médecine Purpam 37, allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France.
Mark G ThomasResearch Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
David BaldingResearch Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK.
Pierpaolo Maisano DelserDepartment of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Rita NeumannDepartment of Genetics, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Walther Parson1] Institute of Legal Medicine, Innsbruck Medical University, Muellerstraße 44, A-6020 Innsbruck, Austria [2] Pennsylvania State University, Eberly College of Science, Thomas Bldg, #517, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA.
Michael KnappSchool of Biological Sciences, Bangor University, Bangor LL57 2UW, UK.
Susan Walsh1] Molecular Anthropology Laboratory, Department of Anthropology, Yale University, Yale, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA [2] Department of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Laure TonassoUMR5288-CNRS/Université Paul Sabatier-Toulouse 3 Laboratoire Anthropologie Moléculaire et Imagerie de Synthèse Faculté de Médecine Purpam 37, allées Jules Guesde, 31073 Toulouse, France.
John HoltSpace Research Centre, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Manfred KayserDepartment of Forensic Molecular Biology, Erasmus MC University Medical Centre Rotterdam, 3000 CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
Jo ApplebySchool of Archaeology and Ancient History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Peter Forster1] McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3ER, UK [2] Murray Edwards College, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB3 0DF, UK.
David EkserdjianDepartment of the History of Art and Film, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
Michael Hofreiter1] Department of Biology, University of York, York YO10 5DD, UK [2] Institute of Biochemistry and Biology, Universität Potsdam, Karl-Liebknechtstr. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany.
Kevin SchürerCentre for English Local History, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK.
University of Leicester · GBUniversity College London · GBBangor University · GBCentre National de la Recherche Scientifique · FRErasmus University Rotterdam · NLInnsbruck Medical University · ATUniversité Toulouse III - Paul Sabatier · FRUniversity of Cambridge · GBUniversity of Potsdam · DEUniversity of York · GBYale University · US

Funding

Austrian Science Fund FWF P 22880Wellcome Trust
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

In 2012, a skeleton was excavated at the presumed site of the Grey Friars friary in Leicester, the last-known resting place of King Richard III. Archaeological, osteological and radiocarbon dating data were consistent with these being his remains. Here we report DNA analyses of both the skeletal remains and living relatives of Richard III. We find a perfect mitochondrial DNA match between the sequence obtained from the remains and one living relative, and a single-base substitution when compared with a second relative. Y-chromosome haplotypes from male-line relatives and the remains do not match, which could be attributed to a false-paternity event occurring in any of the intervening generations. DNA-predicted hair and eye colour are consistent with Richard's appearance in an early portrait. We calculate likelihood ratios for the non-genetic and genetic data separately, and combined, and conclude that the evidence for the remains being those of Richard III is overwhelming.

Indexed as

DNA FingerprintingForensic GeneticsBase SequenceChromosomes, Human, YDNA, MitochondrialForensic AnthropologyHaplotypesHumansMaleMolecular Sequence DataPaternityDNA, Mitochondrial

Identifiers

PMID25463651
PMCPMC4268703
OpenAlexW2005396520

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.