ArticleReproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)2015
Concentrations of environmental phenols and parabens in milk, urine and serum of lactating North Carolina women.
Article in Reproductive toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.), 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 56 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
56 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 182 citations in OpenAlex.
- Phenols, Parabens, Phthalates and Puberty: a Systematic Review of Synthetic Chemicals Commonly Found in Personal Care Products and Girls' Pubertal Development.Current environmental health reports · 2022Pooled it
- Pyroptosis- and Necroptosis-Related Signaling in Salicylate UV Absorber-Induced Toxicity: Implications for Sustainable Chemistry and Human Health.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Biomonitoring of parabens in human milk and placenta and estimated daily intake in northern Taiwan.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Advances in Analytical Methods for the Extraction and Quantification of Benzophenones in Breast Milk and Infant Formula: A Scoping Review and Bibliometric Analysis.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Endocrine-disrupting chemicals in breast milk and early life exposure for infants in the United States.Journal of exposure science & environmental epidemiology · 2026Article
- Bisphenol A release in the saliva of children with Haas expanders.Korean journal of orthodontics · 2025Article
- Benzophenone-3 remodels gut microbiota diet-dependently to exacerbate non-alcoholic fatty liver disease in zebrafish.Frontiers in microbiology · 2025Article
- Environmental phenol exposures in 6- to 12-week-old infants: The Infant Feeding and Early Development (IFED) study.Environmental research · 2024Article
- Identifying critical windows of prenatal phenol, paraben, and pesticide exposure and child neurodevelopment: Findings from a prospective cohort study.The Science of the total environment · 2024Article
- A review of sources, pathways, and toxic effects of human exposure to benzophenone ultraviolet light filters.Eco-Environment & Health · 2024Review
- Urinary Paraben Concentrations and Associations with the Periconceptional Urinary Metabolome: Untargeted and Targeted Metabolomics Analyses of Participants from the Early Pregnancy Study.Environmental health perspectives · 2023Article
- Endocrine Disruption of Propylparaben in the Male Mosquitofish (International journal of environmental research and public health · 2023Article
- Urinary phenol concentrations and fecundability and early pregnancy loss.Human reproduction (Oxford, England) · 2023Article
- Article
- Hair Sample Analysis of Residents from Olsztyn, Northeastern Poland, to Evaluate Levels of Bisphenol S and Bisphenol A: A Pilot Study.Medical science monitor : international medical journal of experimental and clinical research · 2022Article
- Endocrine-Disrupting Effects of Bisphenol A on the Cardiovascular System: A Review.Journal of xenobiotics · 2022Review
- Environmental Phenol and Paraben Exposure Risks and Their Potential Influence on the Gene Expression Involved in the Prognosis of Prostate Cancer.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Estimation of parabens and bisphenols in maternal products and urinary concentrations in Indian pregnant women: daily intake and health risk assessment.Environmental science and pollution research international · 2022Article
- Early-Life Environment Influence on Late-Onset Alzheimer's Disease.Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2022Review
- Influence of BPA exposure, measured in saliva, on childhood weight.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2022Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors at 5 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
Phenols and parabens show some evidence for endocrine disruption in laboratory animals. The goal of the Methods Advancement for Milk Analysis (MAMA) Study was to develop or adapt methods to measure parabens (methyl, ethyl, butyl, propyl) and phenols (bisphenol A (BPA), 2,4- and 2,5-dichlorophenol, benzophenone-3, triclosan) in urine, milk and serum twice during lactation, to compare concentrations across matrices and with endogenous biomarkers among 34 North Carolina women. These non-persistent chemicals were detected in most urine samples (53-100%) and less frequently in milk or serum; concentrations differed by matrix. Although urinary parabens, triclosan and dichlorophenols concentrations correlated significantly at two time points, those of BPA and benzophenone-3 did not, suggesting considerable variability in those exposures. These pilot data suggest that nursing mothers are exposed to phenols and parabens; urine is the best measurement matrix; and correlations between chemical and endogenous immune-related biomarkers merit further investigation.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.