ReviewNeuroscience2015
M1 and M2 immune activation in Parkinson's Disease: Foe and ally?
Review in Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 113 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
113 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Risk of dementia or Parkinson's disease in the presence of Sjögren's syndrome: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in integrative neuroscience · 2022Pooled it
- Systemic inflammation and microglial activation: systematic review of animal experiments.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2015Pooled it
- A full-active phosphorus dendron-based nanomedicine alleviates ischemic stroke through multi-target immunomodulation and neuroprotection.Bioactive materials · 2026Article
- Microglial Nrf2 Activation Orchestrates Ferroptosis Inhibition and α-Synuclein Clearance in Parkinson's Disease.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- The C3-C3aR axis drives rotenone-induced cognitive damage via synaptic engulfment, dark microglia and PANoptosis.Redox biology · 2026Article
- Neuroimmune Interactions in Neurodegeneration: The Role of Microglia in Alzheimer's and Parkinson's Disease Pathogenesis.Brain sciences · 2026Review
- Macrophages in MASLD: from inflammatory and metabolic crosstalk to exercise intervention.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Comparison of automated and manual approaches for microglial quantification and classification: A focus on the HALO digital pathology platform.Brain pathology (Zurich, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Cuproptosis-associated genesFrontiers in immunology · 2026Article
- Neurotransmitters and Immunity: Molecular Mechanisms, Biological Functions, Diseases, and Potential Therapeutic Targets.MedComm · 2025Review
- Adenylate kinase 5, a novel genetic risk factor for Alzheimer's disease, regulates microglial inflammatory activation.Molecular brain · 2025Article
- Capsaicin and nicotine alleviate MPTP induced olfactory dysfunction by suppressing cGAS/TBK1/STING and MAPK mediated neuroinflammation.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Caloric Restriction Mimetics as Priming Agents of Mesenchymal Stem Cells Secretome to Enhance Regenerative Responses to Parkinson's Disease.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Article
- Novel Trajectories Towards Possible Effects of Semaglutide for Amelioration of Reserpine-induced Fibromyalgia in Rats: Contribution of cAMP/PKA/p-CREB and M1/M2 Microglia Polarization.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2025Article
- Linking Parkinson's disease and melanoma: the impact of copper-driven cuproptosis and related mechanisms.NPJ Parkinson's disease · 2025Article
- Preclinical studies and transcriptome analysis in a model of Parkinson's disease with dopaminergic ZNF746 expression.Molecular neurodegeneration · 2025Article
- The volatile oil ofFrontiers in pharmacology · 2025Article
- The role of inflammation in Ischemic stroke: from biomarker to treatment.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Review
- Delving into the Complexity of Valproate-Induced Autism Spectrum Disorder: The Use of Zebrafish Models.Cells · 2024Article
53 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder of unknown etiology. Autopsy findings, genetics, retrospective studies, and molecular imaging all suggest a role for inflammation in the neurodegenerative process. However, relatively little is understood about the causes and implications of neuroinflammation in PD. Understanding how inflammation arises in PD, in particular the activation state of cells of the innate immune system, may provide an exciting opportunity for novel neuroprotective therapeutics. We analyze the evidence of immune system involvement in PD susceptibility, specifically in the context of M1 and M2 activation states. Tracking and modulating these activation states may provide new insights into both PD etiology and therapeutic strategies.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.