Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25462664›Full record

Trial reportAddictive behaviors2015

Smoking cessation abstinence goal in treatment-seeking smokers.

Sharon M Hall, Yanling Shi, Gary L Humfleet, Ricardo F Muñoz, Victor I Reus, Judith J Prochaska

Abstract readRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Addictive behaviors, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 9 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
9citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

9 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Characteristics of Black Adults Who Never Achieved 24-Hours of Abstinence in a Smoking Cessation Trial: Implications for Improving Treatment Response.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2025
    Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Trial
  4. Cigarette Smoking Cessation Intervention for Buprenorphine Treatment Patients.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2018
    Trial
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sharon M HallUniversity of California, San Francisco, Treatment Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA. Electronic address: sharon.hall@ucsf.edu.
Yanling ShiUniversity of California, San Francisco, Treatment Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA.
Gary L HumfleetUniversity of California, San Francisco, Treatment Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA.
Ricardo F MuñozPalo Alto University, Institute for International Internet Interventions for Health, Clinical Psychology, 1791 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA.
Victor I ReusUniversity of California, San Francisco, Treatment Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, 401 Parnassus Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94143-0984, USA.
Judith J ProchaskaStanford University, The Stanford Prevention Research Center, Medical School Office Building, 1265 Welch Road, Mail Code 6411, Stanford, CA 94305-5411, USA.

Funding

TREATMENTS FOR COMPLEX PATIENTS IN NEW SETTINGSP50DA009253 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI GUYDISH, JOSEPH R · 1994 to 2014
$28.2M
Maintaining Nonsmoking: Treatment of Older SmokersR01DA002538 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HUMFLEET, GARY L · 1985 to 2013
$5.4M
Treatment of Complex Patients: Emphasis on NicotineK05DA016752 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI HALL, SHARON M. · 2003 to 2012
$1.1M
Treating Tobacco Dependence in Inpatient PsychiatryK23DA018691 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, SAN FRANCISCO · PI PROCHASKA, JUDITH J. · 2005 to 2009
$769k
NIDA NIH HHS K05 DA016752NIDA NIH HHS K23 DA018691NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA009253NIDA NIH HHS P50 DA09253NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA002538NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA02538
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionBaseline abstinence goal is a robust predictor of cigarette abstinence. However, important questions about goal remain unanswered. These include variables correlating with goal, changes in goal, relationship of goal and abstinence status over time, and predictors of change. The current study aimed to address these questions.

methodParticipants were treatment-seeking volunteers in two clinical trials. In Clinical Trial 1 (N=402), participants smoked ≥10 cigarettes per day (CPD) and were ≥50years of age. In Clinical Trial 2 (N=406), participants smoked ≥10 CPD, smoked within 30min of arising, and were ≥18years of age. The outcome variables were biochemically verified 7-day abstinence from cigarettes at weeks 12, 24, 52, and 104. Abstinence goal, demographic, psychological, and smoking related variables were assessed via standard instruments.

resultsAt baseline, the greater the desire to quit and one's expectations of success, and the lesser the educational level, the more likely participants were to have a quit forever goal. Throughout the two-year study, abstinence from cigarettes and a lower educational level were correlated with a goal of quit forever; 37% of participants changed goal. There were no predictors of goal change. Abstinence goal was related to abstinence status across the study period. The goal predicted abstinence status at subsequent assessments, even when status was controlled.

conclusionLesser educational levels were consistent predictors of a more stringent goal. Abstinence goal changes over time. These findings suggest that repeated counseling about goal is advisable and participants would benefit from such counseling, independent of demographic characteristics and smoking status.

Indexed as

GoalsAdolescentAdultAgedBehavior TherapyBupropionDopamine Uptake InhibitorsEducational StatusFemaleHospitalizationHumansMaleMiddle AgedPatient Acceptance of Health CareSelf ReportSmokingBupropionDopamine Uptake InhibitorsAbstinence goalAbstinence statusSmoking cessationTobacco

Identifiers

PMID25462664
PMCPMC4273741

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.