Trial reportPloS one2014
Different plasma markers of inflammation are influenced by immune recovery and cART composition or intensification in treated HIV infected individuals.
Trial report in PloS one, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 18 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
18 citing papers in PubMed, 22 citations in OpenAlex.
- Coordination of inflammatory responses in children with perinatally acquired HIV infection.AIDS (London, England) · 2022Trial
- Trial
- Different pattern of stool and plasma gastrointestinal damage biomarkers during primary and chronic HIV infection.PloS one · 2019Trial
- Effects of Maraviroc versus Efavirenz in Combination with Zidovudine-Lamivudine on the CD4/CD8 Ratio in Treatment-Naive HIV-Infected Individuals.Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy · 2017Trial
- Dynamics of virological suppression and systemic immune-inflammatory response following antiretroviral therapy in pediatric HIV infection.Frontiers in cellular and infection microbiology · 2026Article
- Under the Radar: Immune Evasion, Pathogenesis and Control of HIV Infection.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Review
- Unique Profile of Inflammation and Immune Activation in Pregnant People With HIV in the United States.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2023Article
- Do Combination Antiretroviral Therapy Regimens for HIV Infection Feature Diverse T-Cell Phenotypes and Inflammatory Profiles?Open forum infectious diseases · 2020Review
- Persistent metabolic changes in HIV-infected patients during the first year of combination antiretroviral therapy.Scientific reports · 2018Article
- Recent Abacavir Use Increases Risk of Type 1 and Type 2 Myocardial Infarctions Among Adults With HIV.Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) · 2018Article
- Episomal HIV-1 DNA and its relationship to other markers of HIV-1 persistence.Retrovirology · 2018Review
- Interferon-γ-Inducible Protein 10 (IP-10) as a Screening Tool to Optimize Human Immunodeficiency Virus RNA Monitoring in Resource-Limited Settings.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2017Article
- Systemic inflammation-based scores and mortality for all causes in HIV-infected patients: a MASTER cohort study.BMC infectious diseases · 2017Observational
- Nanoformulated Antiretrovirals for Penetration of the Central Nervous System: State of the Art.Journal of neuroimmune pharmacology : the official journal of the Society on NeuroImmune Pharmacology · 2017Review
- Dynamics of CD4 and CD8 T-Cell Subsets and Inflammatory Biomarkers during Early and Chronic HIV Infection in Mozambican Adults.Frontiers in immunology · 2017Article
- Increased ex vivo cell death of central memory CD4 T cells in treated HIV infected individuals with unsatisfactory immune recovery.Journal of translational medicine · 2015Article
- Neuropathology of HAND With Suppressive Antiretroviral Therapy: Encephalitis and Neurodegeneration Reconsidered.Current HIV/AIDS reports · 2015Review
- Antiretroviral Regimens and CD4/CD8 Ratio Normalization in HIV-Infected Patients during the Initial Year of Treatment: A Cohort Study.PloS one · 2015Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
15 authors at 10 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundHIV-1 infection increases plasma levels of inflammatory markers. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) does not restore inflammatory markers to normal levels. Since intensification of cART with raltegravir reduced CD8 T-cell activation in the Discor-Ral and IntegRal studies, we have evaluated the effect of raltegravir intensification on several soluble inflammation markers in these studies.
methodsLongitudinal plasma samples (0-48 weeks) from the IntegRal (n = 67, 22 control and 45 intensified individuals) and the Discor-Ral studies (44 individuals with CD4 T-cell counts<350 cells/µl, 14 control and 30 intensified) were assayed for 25 markers. Mann-Whitney, Wilcoxon, Spearman test and linear mixed models were used for analysis.
resultsAt baseline, different inflammatory markers were strongly associated with HCV co-infection, lower CD4 counts and with cART regimens (being higher in PI-treated individuals), but poorly correlated with detection of markers of residual viral replication. Although raltegravir intensification reduced inflammation in individuals with lower CD4 T-cell counts, no effect of intensification was observed on plasma markers of inflammation in a global analysis. An association was found, however, between reductions in immune activation and plasma levels of the coagulation marker D-dimer, which exclusively decreased in intensified patients on protease inhibitor (PI)-based cART regimens (P = 0.040).
conclusionsThe inflammatory profile in treated HIV-infected individuals showed a complex association with HCV co-infection, the levels of CD4 T cells and the cART regimen. Raltegravir intensification specifically reduced D-dimer levels in PI-treated patients, highlighting the link between cART composition and residual viral replication; however, raltegravir had little effect on other inflammatory markers.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.