ArticleJournal of affective disorders2015
Depression as a risk factor for overall and hormone-related cancer: the Korean cancer prevention study.
Article in Journal of affective disorders, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 22 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
22 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 46 citations in OpenAlex.
- Depression and anxiety in relation to cancer incidence and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis of cohort studies.Molecular psychiatry · 2020Pooled it
- Psychological Stress and Cellular Aging in Cancer: A Meta-Analysis.Oxidative medicine and cellular longevity · 2019Pooled it
- Psychological distress in relation to site specific cancer mortality: pooling of unpublished data from 16 prospective cohort studies.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2017Pooled it
- Mental Health Conditions and Incident Cancer: A Prospective Cohort Study of 402,255 UK Biobank Participants.International journal of cancer · 2026Article
- Depression remodels tumor microenvironment to drive tumor progression: Bio-behavioural signalling pathways and clinical interventions.Journal of advanced research · 2026Review
- Response to Lehrer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Timing of depression in relation to risk of ovarian cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Relationships between nine neuropsychiatric disorders and cervical cancer: insights from genetics, causality and shared gene expression patterns.BMC women's health · 2024Article
- Crohn's disease and breast cancer: a literature review of the mechanisms and treatment.Internal and emergency medicine · 2023Review
- Multiple types of distress are prospectively associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer.Cancer medicine · 2023Article
- Association of depression phenotypes and antidepressant treatment with mortality due to cancer and other causes: a community-based cohort study.Frontiers in psychology · 2023Article
- Mental health, cancer risk, and the mediating role of lifestyle factors in the CARTaGENE cohort study.PloS one · 2023Article
- The Risk and The Course of Cancer Among People with Severe Mental Illness.Clinical practice and epidemiology in mental health : CP & EMH · 2023Review
- Causal relationship between genetically predicted depression and cancer risk: a two-sample bi-directional mendelian randomization.BMC cancer · 2022Article
- Review
- Chaihu-Shugan-San ameliorates tumor growth in prostate cancer promoted by depressionFrontiers in pharmacology · 2022Article
- Relation between personality dimensions and symptomatology of depression in skin cancer patients.BioPsychoSocial medicine · 2021Article
- Influence of Psychological Factors in Breast and Lung Cancer Risk - A Systematic Review.Frontiers in psychology · 2021Review
- Risk factors for incident prostate cancer in a cohort of world trade center responders.BMC psychiatry · 2019Article
- Personality traits and the risk of coronary heart disease or stroke in women with diabetes - an epidemiological study based on the Women's Health Initiative.Menopause (New York, N.Y.) · 2019Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 3 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Depression has been hypothesized to be a risk factor of cancer, especially hormone-related cancers. However, few studies have been conducted with large enough sample size and sufficient follow-up period to rigorously estimate these associations. We aim to examine the relationship between depression and risk of registry-documented overall and hormone-related cancers. In this 19 year prospective cohort study of general population, 601,775 Koreans aged 30-64 years had a biennial medical evaluation by the National Health Insurance Service in either 1992 or 1994. Major and minor depression was ascertained by a 9-item depression questionnaire. At baseline, major depression was identified in 7.4% and 10.2% and minor depression in 19.3% and 21.4% in men and women, respectively. During the follow-up, 49,744 cancers were identified in men and 7860 in women. Prostate cancer in men was positively related to minor depression (HR 1.13, 95% CI 1.05, 1.23), and cervical cancer in women was inversely related to major depression (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83, 0.98) after adjusting for potential confounders. Regarding overall cancer, major depression was positively related to overall cancer in men (HR 1.04, 95% CI 1.00, 1.08) and inversely related in women (HR 0.90, 95% CI 0.83, 0.98). There was no association between breast cancer and depression. Different direction and magnitude of association among gender and cancer subtypes suggest different psycho-behavioral and biological pathways in which depression may affect later cancer development. Further studies on the association of depression and cancer and the underlying mechanisms should be conducted on specific cancer subtypes.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.