Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25461688›Full record

ReviewProgress in neurobiology2015

3D in vitro modeling of the central nervous system.

Amy M Hopkins, Elise DeSimone, Karolina Chwalek, David L Kaplan

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Progress in neurobiology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 100 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
100citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

100 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Development of aBioactive materials · 2026
    Article
  3. Preclinical Models of Traumatic Brain Injury: Advances in In Vitro Models.Current neurology and neuroscience reports · 2026
    Review
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. Review
  8. Article
  9. 3D Printing for Neural Repair: Bridging the Gap in Regenerative Medicine.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025
    Article
  10. Article
  11. Article
  12. Article
  13. Review
  14. Review
  15. Article
  16. Article
  17. Article
  18. Neural cortical organoids from self-assembling human iPSC as a model to investigate neurotoxicity in brain ischemia.Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism · 2023
    Article
  19. Review
  20. Review

40 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Amy M HopkinsDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Elise DeSimoneDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
Karolina ChwalekDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA.
David L KaplanDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Tufts University, Science & Technology Center, 4 Colby Street, Medford, MA 02155, USA. Electronic address: David.Kaplan@Tufts.edu.

Funding

Translational Bioreactors - Engineering Complex TissuesP41EB002520 · NIBIB · TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD · PI KAPLAN, DAVID L. · 2004 to 2018
$16.7M
Electrotherapeutic strategies for connective tissue repairR01AR061988 · NIAMS · TUFTS UNIVERSITY MEDFORD · PI HUNG, CLARK T., KAPLAN, DAVID L. · 2011 to 2015
$3.3M
NIAMS NIH HHS R01 AR061988NIBIB NIH HHS P41 EB002520
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

There are currently more than 600 diseases characterized as affecting the central nervous system (CNS) which inflict neural damage. Unfortunately, few of these conditions have effective treatments available. Although significant efforts have been put into developing new therapeutics, drugs which were promising in the developmental phase have high attrition rates in late stage clinical trials. These failures could be circumvented if current 2D in vitro and in vivo models were improved. 3D, tissue-engineered in vitro systems can address this need and enhance clinical translation through two approaches: (1) bottom-up, and (2) top-down (developmental/regenerative) strategies to reproduce the structure and function of human tissues. Critical challenges remain including biomaterials capable of matching the mechanical properties and extracellular matrix (ECM) composition of neural tissues, compartmentalized scaffolds that support heterogeneous tissue architectures reflective of brain organization and structure, and robust functional assays for in vitro tissue validation. The unique design parameters defined by the complex physiology of the CNS for construction and validation of 3D in vitro neural systems are reviewed here.

Indexed as

In Vitro TechniquesModels, BiologicalAnimalsBiocompatible MaterialsCentral Nervous SystemExtracellular MatrixHumansTissue EngineeringTissue ScaffoldsBiocompatible Materials3D in vitro modelBlood–brain barrierCentral nervous systemsTissue engineering

Identifiers

PMID25461688
PMCPMC4324093

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceTDM
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.