ArticlePediatric neurology2015
The breadth and type of systemic inflammation and the risk of adverse neurological outcomes in extremely low gestation newborns.
Article in Pediatric neurology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 65 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
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Who cites it
65 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 94 citations in OpenAlex.
- Identifying the risk factors of autism spectrum disorders in infants born preterm: a systematic review and meta-analysis.European child & adolescent psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- In-line filtration in very preterm neonates: a randomized controlled trial.Scientific reports · 2020Trial
- The role of persistent inflammation in failed recovery after perinatal brain injury: is resolution the cure?Journal of neuroinflammation · 2026Review
- Neonatal inflammation predicts adolescent brain volume and neurologic outcomes in children born extremely prematurely.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Inflammatory Biomarkers and Neurotrophic Factors in Preterm Newborns as Predictors of Motor Development: A Systematic Review.Pediatric reports · 2026Review
- Risk of neurodevelopmental disorders in the offspring of mothers with a history of endometriosis in Taiwanese women.Brain, behavior, & immunity - health · 2025Article
- Chronic Inflammation Offers Hints About Viable Therapeutic Targets for Preeclampsia and Potentially Related Offspring Sequelae.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Review
- Neonatal inflammation and its association with asthma and obesity in late childhood among individuals born extremely preterm.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- Perinatal inflammation, fetal growth restriction, and long-term neurodevelopmental impairment in Bangladesh.Pediatric research · 2024Article
- DNA Methylation, Inflammation, and Neurobehavior in Preterm Infants.Biological research for nursing · 2024Article
- Cerebral Palsy and Motor Impairment After Extreme Prematurity: Prediction of Diagnoses at Ages 2 and 10 Years.The Journal of pediatrics · 2024Article
- Neuroprotective therapies in the NICU in preterm infants: present and future (Neonatal Neurocritical Care Series).Pediatric research · 2024Review
- Perinatal Factors and Emotional, Cognitive, and Behavioral Dysregulation in Childhood and Adolescence.Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry · 2023Article
- Environmental influences on child health outcomes: cohorts of individuals born very preterm.Pediatric research · 2023Review
- Chorioamnionitis disrupts erythropoietin and melatonin homeostasis through the placental-fetal-brain axis during critical developmental periods.Frontiers in physiology · 2023Article
- The Role of Oxytocin in Abnormal Brain Development: Effect on Glial Cells and Neuroinflammation.Cells · 2022Review
- Placental mediated mechanisms of perinatal brain injury.Experimental neurology · 2022Article
- Lactoferrin Alleviates Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Infantile Intestinal Immune Barrier Damage by Regulating an ELAVL1-Related Signaling Pathway.International journal of molecular sciences · 2022Article
- Montelukast reduces grey matter abnormalities and functional deficits in a mouse model of inflammation-induced encephalopathy of prematurity.Journal of neuroinflammation · 2022Article
- Extreme prematurity: Risk and resiliency.Current problems in pediatric and adolescent health care · 2022Review
5 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
10 authors at 8 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundWe hypothesized that the risk of brain damage in extremely preterm neonates increases with the breadth and type of systemic inflammation, indexed by the number of elevated inflammation-related proteins and the number of functional categories of inflammation-related proteins exhibiting an elevated concentration.
methodsIn blood from 881 infants born before 28 weeks gestation, we measured the concentrations of 25 inflammation-related proteins, representing six functional categories (cytokines, chemokines, growth factors, adhesion molecules, metalloproteinases, and liver-produced acute phase reactant proteins) on postnatal days 1, 7, and 14. We evaluated associations between the number and type of proteins whose concentrations were elevated on two separate occasions a week apart and the diagnoses of ventriculomegaly as a neonate, and at 2 years, microcephaly, impaired early cognitive functioning, cerebral palsy, and autism risk as assessed with the Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers screen, and in a subset of these children from 12 of 14 sites (n = 826), an attention problem identified with the Child Behavior Checklist.
resultsThe risk of abnormal brain structure and function overall was increased among children who had recurrent and/or persistent elevations of the 25 proteins. The risk for most outcomes did not rise until at least four proteins in at least two functional categories were elevated. When we focused our analysis on 10 proteins previously found to be associated consistently with neurological outcomes, we found the risk of low Mental Development Index on the Bayley Scales of Infant Development-II, microcephaly, and a Child Behavior Checklist-defined attention problem increased with higher numbers of these recurrently and/or persistently elevated proteins.
interpretationIncreasing breadth of early neonatal inflammation, indexed by the number of protein elevations or the number of protein functional classes elevated, is associated with increasing risk of disorders of brain structure and function among infants born extremely preterm.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.