ReviewCytokine2015
T cell subsets and their signature cytokines in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases.
Review in Cytokine, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 604 papers, 3 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
604 citing papers in PubMed, 3 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- A Comprehensive Review of Kimura Disease.Head and neck pathology · 2025Pooled it
- Alterations in Immune Cell Profiles in the Liver in Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review.International journal of molecular sciences · 2025Pooled it
- Efficacy of substances containing 3 types of active ingredients-saponins, flavones, and alkaloids in regulation of cytokines in autoimmune diseases a systematic review and Meta-analysis based on animal studies.Journal of traditional Chinese medicine = Chung i tsa chih ying wen pan · 2024Pooled it
- Reprogramming engineered autologous T cells to overcome resistance in patients with Merkel cell carcinoma.Science translational medicine · 2026Trial
- Varenicline Solution Nasal Spray for the Treatment of Dry Eye Disease in Sjogren's Disease: A Pilot Study.Clinical ophthalmology (Auckland, N.Z.) · 2025Trial
- Boosting the immunogenicity of the CoronaVac SARS-CoV-2 inactivated vaccine with Huoxiang Suling Shuanghua Decoction: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals the dysfunctional characteristics of PBMCs in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.Frontiers in immunology · 2024Trial
- TLR9 and STING agonists adjuvanted varicella-zoster virus glycoprotein E induced a potent and durable nasal vaccine response.Human vaccines & immunotherapeutics · 2026Article
- Sex Steroid Hormone Regulation of T-Cell Function and Antitumor Immunity.Clinical cancer research : an official journal of the American Association for Cancer Research · 2026Review
- Induction of a Th1-Type Polyfunctional T-Cell Response by the Four-segmented Rift Valley Fever Candidate Vaccine in Humans.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2026Article
- A barrier-centered perspective on the gut-barrier-bone axis: a review of the core role of the intestinal barrier and related probiotics with nanocoatings.Archives of microbiology · 2026Review
- T-Cell Memory Affects Lung Responses to Cecal Ligation and Puncture.Shock (Augusta, Ga.) · 2026Article
- Taming autoimmunity: Alpha-1 antitrypsin overexpressing mesenchymal stromal cells promote regulatory T cell crosstalk to reverse diabetes.Molecular therapy : the journal of the American Society of Gene Therapy · 2026Article
- Cytokine profiling reveals distinct inflammatory clusters and clinical correlations in antiphospholipid syndrome.Clinical rheumatology · 2026Article
- Progress in research on the association between mesenchymal stem cell senescence and knee osteoarthritis.Journal of orthopaedic surgery and research · 2026Review
- The Dual Roles of Gut Microbiota in Biliary Atresia: Mechanisms, Biomarker Potential, and Therapeutic Implications.Microorganisms · 2026Review
- Functional alterations of peripheral blood CD4+ T lymphocyte subsets in patients with Parkinson disease: A review.Medicine · 2026Review
- A distinct TCRiScience · 2026Article
- The Role of Regnase-1 in Autoimmune Diseases - A Future Therapeutic Target for Clinical Use.Clinical reviews in allergy & immunology · 2026Review
- Interplay between obesity-associated insulin resistance and immune system through the lens of evolutionary medicine.Molecular metabolism · 2026Review
544 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
CD4(+) T helper (Th) cells are critical for proper immune cell homeostasis and host defense, but are also major contributors to pathology of autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Since the discovery of the Th1/Th2 dichotomy, many additional Th subsets were discovered, each with a unique cytokine profile, functional properties, and presumed role in autoimmune tissue pathology. This includes Th1, Th2, Th17, Th22, Th9, and Treg cells which are characterized by specific cytokine profiles. Cytokines produced by these Th subsets play a critical role in immune cell differentiation, effector subset commitment, and in directing the effector response. Cytokines are often categorized into proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines and linked to Th subsets expressing them. This article reviews the different Th subsets in terms of cytokine profiles, how these cytokines influence and shape the immune response, and their relative roles in promoting pathology in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. Furthermore, we will discuss whether Th cell pathogenicity can be defined solely based on their cytokine profiles and whether rigid definition of a Th cell subset by its cytokine profile is helpful.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.