Trial reportThe Journal of allergy and clinical immunology2015
Randomized trial to evaluate azithromycin's effects on serum and upper airway IL-8 levels and recurrent wheezing in infants with respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis.
Trial report in The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 64 papers, 7 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
64 citing papers in PubMed, 7 syntheses or guidelines pooled it, 138 citations in OpenAlex.
- Azithromycin for acute bronchiolitis and wheezing episodes in children - a systematic review with meta-analysis.Pediatric research · 2024Pooled it
- Macrolides versus placebo for chronic asthma.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2021Pooled it
- Efficacy of Macrolides on Acute Asthma or Wheezing Exacerbations in Children with Recurrent Wheezing: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.Paediatric drugs · 2020Pooled it
- [Clinical effect of azithromycin adjuvant therapy in children with bronchiolitis: a systematic review and Meta analysis].Zhongguo dang dai er ke za zhi = Chinese journal of contemporary pediatrics · 2019Pooled it
- Adverse events in people taking macrolide antibiotics versus placebo for any indication.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2019Pooled it
- The effects of macrolides in children with reactive airway disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Drug design, development and therapy · 2018Pooled it
- Antibiotics for persistent cough or wheeze following acute bronchiolitis in children.The Cochrane database of systematic reviews · 2017Pooled it
- Azithromycin for Bacterial Watery Diarrhea: A Reanalysis of the AntiBiotics for Children With Severe Diarrhea (ABCD) Trial Incorporating Molecular Diagnostics.The Journal of infectious diseases · 2024Trial
- Azithromycin Treatment vs Placebo in Children With Respiratory Syncytial Virus-Induced Respiratory Failure: A Phase 2 Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2020Trial
- Association of the eukaryotic vaginal virome with prophylactic antibiotic exposure and reproductive outcomes in a subfertile population undergoing in vitro fertilisation: a prospective exploratory study.BJOG : an international journal of obstetrics and gynaecology · 2020Trial
- Impact of azithromycin on the clinical and antimicrobial effectiveness of tobramycin in the treatment of cystic fibrosis.Journal of cystic fibrosis : official journal of the European Cystic Fibrosis Society · 2017Trial
- Trial
- Azithromycin therapy during respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis: Upper airway microbiome alterations and subsequent recurrent wheeze.The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2016Trial
- Azithromycin for episodes with asthma-like symptoms in young children aged 1-3 years: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial.The Lancet. Respiratory medicine · 2016Trial
- Trial
- Does azithromycin modify viral load during severe respiratory syncytial virus bronchiolitis?The Journal of allergy and clinical immunology · 2015Trial
- Azithromycin administered for acute bronchiolitis may have a protective effect on subsequent wheezing.Jornal brasileiro de pneumologia : publicacao oficial da Sociedade Brasileira de Pneumologia e TisilogiaTrial
- Enhancing lung health in children with structural damage and malformations: trial protocol for a randomised controlled trial of azithromycin for airway infection prevention.ERJ open research · 2026Article
- Catalase-encapsulated matrix metalloproteinase-9 responsive nanogels for modulation of inflammatory response and treatment of neutrophilic asthma.Journal of nanobiotechnology · 2025Article
- Article
4 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
- Commented on by
- Commented on by
Authors and funding
12 authors at 1 institution in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundRespiratory syncytial virus (RSV) bronchiolitis in infancy is a major risk factor for recurrent wheezing and asthma. Because azithromycin attenuated neutrophilic airway inflammation in a murine viral bronchiolitis model, demonstration of similar effects in human subjects might provide a strategy for the prevention of postbronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.
objectivesWe sought to investigate whether azithromycin treatment during RSV bronchiolitis reduces serum and nasal lavage IL-8 levels and the occurrence of postbronchiolitis recurrent wheezing.
methodWe performed a randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled proof-of-concept trial in 40 otherwise healthy infants hospitalized with RSV bronchiolitis who were treated with azithromycin or placebo for 14 days. IL-8 levels were measured in nasal lavage fluid and serum on randomization, day 8, and day 15 (nasal lavage only). The occurrence of wheezing episodes was assessed monthly over the ensuing 50 weeks.
resultsCompared with placebo, azithromycin treatment did not reduce serum IL-8 levels at day 8 (P = .6) but resulted in a greater decrease in nasal lavage fluid IL-8 levels by day 15 (P = .03). Twenty-two percent of azithromycin-treated participants experienced at least 3 wheezing episodes compared with 50% of participants in the placebo group (P = .07). Azithromycin treatment resulted in prolonged time to the third wheezing episode (P = .048) and in fewer days with respiratory symptoms over the subsequent year in comparison with placebo (36.7 vs 70.1 days, P = .01).
conclusionIn this proof-of-concept study azithromycin treatment during RSV bronchiolitis reduced upper airway IL-8 levels, prolonged the time to the third wheezing episode, and reduced overall respiratory morbidity over the subsequent year.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.