ArticleSurgery2014
A practical method to determine the site of unknown primary in metastatic neuroendocrine tumors.
Article in Surgery, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 24 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
24 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it, 42 citations in OpenAlex.
- The Surgical Management of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors: Consensus Guidelines of the North American Neuroendocrine Tumor Society.Pancreas · 2017Guideline
- The University of Iowa Neuroendocrine Tumor Clinic.Endocrine practice : official journal of the American College of Endocrinology and the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists · 2025Article
- Functional Copy-Number Alterations as Diagnostic and Prognostic Biomarkers in Neuroendocrine Tumors.International journal of molecular sciences · 2024Article
- Surgery as a Principle and Technical Consideration for Primary Tumor Resection of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2024Review
- Prioritization of Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization (FISH) Probes for Differentiating Primary Sites of Neuroendocrine Tumors with Machine Learning.International journal of molecular sciences · 2023Article
- Unknown‑primary neuroendocrine neoplasms diagnosed by short‑acting somatostatin test: Case series in one institution.Experimental and therapeutic medicine · 2023Article
- Diagnostic and Prognostic Impact of Progesterone Receptor Immunohistochemistry: A Study Evaluating More Than 16,000 Tumors.Analytical cellular pathology (Amsterdam) · 2022Article
- Insights into Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms.International journal of molecular sciences · 2021Review
- Surgical Management of Neuroendocrine Tumor Liver Metastases.Surgical oncology clinics of North America · 2021Review
- Pathology Reporting in Neuroendocrine Neoplasms of the Digestive System: Everything You Always Wanted to Know but Were Too Afraid to Ask.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2021Article
- Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.Current problems in surgery · 2020Article
- Carcinoid Tumors: Past, Present, and Future.Indian journal of surgical oncology · 2020Review
- Article
- The Pancreas as a Site of Metastasis or Second Primary in Patients with Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.Annals of surgical oncology · 2019Article
- Integrating a 92-Gene Expression Analysis for the Management of Neuroendocrine Tumors of Unknown PrimaryAsian Pacific journal of cancer prevention : APJCP · 2019Article
- Management of Small Bowel Neuroendocrine Tumors.Journal of oncology practice · 2018Review
- Clusterin in Neuroendocrine Epithelial Neoplasms: Absence of Expression in a Well-differentiated Tumor Suggests a Jejunoileal Origin.Applied immunohistochemistry & molecular morphology : AIMM · 2018Article
- NKX2.2, PDX-1 and CDX-2 as potential biomarkers to differentiate well-differentiated neuroendocrine tumors.Biomarker research · 2018Article
- Changes in gene expression in small bowel neuroendocrine tumors associated with progression to metastases.Surgery · 2018Article
- Management of neuroendocrine tumors of unknown primary.Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders · 2017Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
6 authors at 2 institutions in 1 country.
Funding
Abstract
introductionThe site of a primary neuroendocrine tumor (NET) tumor is unknown before treatment in approximately 20% of small bowel (SBNET) and pancreatic (PNET) cases despite extensive workup. It can be difficult to discern a PNET from an SBNET on hematoxylin and eosin stains, and thus, more focused diagnostic tests are required. Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and gene expression profiling are two methods used to identify the tissue of origin from biopsied metastases.
methodsTissue microarrays were created from operative specimens and stained with up to seven antibodies used in the NET-specific IHC algorithm. Expression of four genes for differentiating between PNETs and SBNETs was determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction and then used in a previously validated gene expression classifier (GEC) algorithm designed to determine the primary site from gastrointestinal NET metastases.
resultsThe accuracy of the IHC algorithm in identifying the primary tumor site from a set of 37 metastases was 89%, with only one incorrect call. Three other samples were indeterminate as the result of pan-negative staining. The GEC's accuracy in a set of 136 metastases was 94%. The algorithm identified the primary tumor site in all cases in which IHC failed.
conclusionPerforming IHC, followed by GEC for indeterminate cases, identifies accurately the primary site in SBNET and PNET metastases in virtually all patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.