Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25456573›Full record

ArticleDrug and alcohol dependence2014

Test-retest reliability of eye tracking during the visual probe task in cocaine-using adults.

Katherine R Marks, Erika Pike, William W Stoops, Craig R Rush

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Drug and alcohol dependence, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Trial
  2. Trial
  3. Attentional Bias During a Novel Alcohol Cue Virtual Reality Paradigm.Alcohol, clinical & experimental research · 2026
    Article
  4. Review
  5. Review
  6. Article
  7. Article
  8. Article
  9. Article
  10. Article
  11. Failed attempts to improve the reliability of the alcohol visual probe task following empirical recommendations.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2018
    Article
  12. Article
  13. Article
  14. Article
  15. Association between irritability and bias in attention orienting to threat in children and adolescents.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2017
    Article
  16. Article
  17. Cigarette Cue Attentional Bias in Cocaine-Smoking and Non-Cocaine-Using Cigarette Smokers.Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco · 2016
    Article
  18. Article
  19. The magnitude of drug attentional bias is specific to substance use disorder.Psychology of addictive behaviors : journal of the Society of Psychologists in Addictive Behaviors · 2015
    Article
  20. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Katherine R MarksUniversity of Kentucky, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA; University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA.
Erika PikeUniversity of Kentucky, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA; University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA.
William W StoopsUniversity of Kentucky, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA; University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA; University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 245 Fountain Court, Lexington, KY 40509, USA.
Craig R RushUniversity of Kentucky, College of Arts and Sciences, Department of Psychology, 110 Kastle Hall, Lexington, KY 40506-0044, USA; University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Behavioral Science, 140 Medical Behavioral Science Building, Lexington, KY 40536-0086, USA; University of Kentucky, College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 245 Fountain Court, Lexington, KY 40509, USA. Electronic address: crush2@email.uky.edu.

Funding

Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceUL1TR000117 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI KERN, PHILIP A · 2012 to 2015
$13.3M
Research Training in Drug Abuse BehaviorT32DA035200 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI CRAIG R RUSH, William Walton Stoops · 2013 to 2026
$4.4M
A Novel Anti Obesity Drug Combination as a Pharmacotherapy for Cocaine DependenceR01DA032254 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI RUSH, CRAIG R · 2012 to 2015
$1.9M
Agonist Replacement Therapy for Methamphetamine Dependence: Human Lab StudiesR01DA025032 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI RUSH, CRAIG R · 2009 to 2013
$1.8M
GABAA Modulation as a Target for Developing Medications for Methamphetamine AbuseR01DA025591 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI RUSH, CRAIG R · 2008 to 2012
$1.4M
Kentucky Center for Clinical and Translational ScienceTL1TR000115 · NCATS · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI KERN, PHILIP A · 2012 to 2015
$518k
A Human Laboratory Study to Investigate Buspirone for Cocaine Use DisordersR21DA034095 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY · PI STOOPS, WILLIAM WALTON · 2012 to 2013
$363k
NCATS NIH HHS TL1 TR000115NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR 000115NCATS NIH HHS UL1 TR000117NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA 025032NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025032NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA 025591NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA025591NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA 032254NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA032254NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA 034095NIDA NIH HHS R21 DA034095NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA 035200NIDA NIH HHS T32 DA035200
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundStimuli associated with cocaine use capture attention. Evidence suggests that fixation time measured on the visual probe task is a valid measure of cocaine cue attentional bias. The aim of this experiment was to demonstrate the test-retest reliability of cocaine cue attentional bias as measured by fixation time during the visual probe task.

methodsIn a within-subject, repeated-measures design, thirty-six non-treatment seeking cocaine-using adults completed a visual probe task with eye tracking.

resultsParticipants displayed an attentional bias to cocaine-related images as measured by fixation time across two occasions (F (1, 35) = 56.5, p < 0.0001). A Pearson correlation indicated significant test-retest reliability for this effect (r = 0.51, p = 0.001). Response time failed to detect an attentional bias and test-retest reliability was low (r = 0.24, p = 0.16).

conclusionFixation time during the visual probe task is a reliable measure of cocaine cue attentional bias in cocaine-using adults across time.

Indexed as

AttentionCuesEye MovementsAdultCocaine-Related DisordersFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPhotic StimulationReaction TimeReproducibility of ResultsAttentionCocaineCue reactivityEye trackingReliabilityVisual probe

Identifiers

PMID25456573
PMCPMC4268011

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.