ReviewNeuroscience and biobehavioral reviews2014
Childhood adversity and neural development: deprivation and threat as distinct dimensions of early experience.
Review in Neuroscience and biobehavioral reviews, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 679 papers, 10 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
679 citing papers in PubMed, 10 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Dimensions of early life adversity and cardiometabolic health in adulthood: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Health psychology : official journal of the Division of Health Psychology, American Psychological Association · 2026Pooled it
- Understanding adverse childhood experiences within the first decade of the ABCD study: A systematic review.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Adverse childhood experiences and resting state functional connectivity of the triple brain network: a meta-analysis.European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience · 2026Pooled it
- Cognitive performance in offspring of parents with severe mental illness: a meta-analysis.Psychological medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Global research landscape, knowledge structure, and emerging trends in adverse childhood experiences and personality disorders: a bibliometric analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Pooled it
- The multimodal neuroimaging signatures and gene expression profiles for adverse childhood experiences.BMC medicine · 2025Pooled it
- The Impact of Adverse Childhood Experiences on Cognitive Control Across the Lifespan: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Prospective Studies.Trauma, violence & abuse · 2025Pooled it
- The shadow of trauma: impaired mentalization in clinical populations - a systematic review.Psychological medicine · 2025Pooled it
- Early life adversity and white matter microstructural organization-a systematic review.Brain imaging and behavior · 2025Pooled it
- Annual Research Review: Associations of socioeconomic status with cognitive function, language ability, and academic achievement in youth: a systematic review of mechanisms and protective factors.Journal of child psychology and psychiatry, and allied disciplines · 2025Pooled it
- Early psychosocial deprivation alters the refinement of neural dynamics across adolescence.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America · 2026Trial
- Linking maternal childhood maltreatment to health-related and psychosocial risk factors during pregnancy: intergenerational implications for early child development.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Associations and mechanisms between childhood adversity and irritability or trait anger across the lifespan: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Journal of mood and anxiety disorders · 2026Review
- Identifying differential interactions of potentially traumatic experiences with genetic risk for posttraumatic stress disorder.European journal of psychotraumatology · 2026Article
- Penny for your thoughts: A review and proposed model of socioeconomic status, working memory and worry.The British journal of developmental psychology · 2026Review
- Least Equal When Most Teachable: The Biodevelopmental Learning Opportunities and Outcomes Model of Gender Differences in Sexuality.Personality and social psychology review : an official journal of the Society for Personality and Social Psychology, Inc · 2026Review
- Profiles of Early Life Stress and Their Interaction With Proximal Stress in Early Adulthood: A Person-Centered Approach.Journal of clinical psychology · 2026Article
- A Single, Reproducible Dimension Organizes Associations Between the Early Environment and the Developing Brain.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Effects of adverse childhood experiences on behavior in adolescence: Insights from brain imaging and genetic risk.Developmental cognitive neuroscience · 2026Article
- Beyond Household Adversities: Synthetic Imputation of Emotional, Physical and Sexual Abuse for Children Aged <18 Years in the National Survey on Children's Health (NSCH) Through Parameter Bridging from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) and Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System (YRBSS).Behavioral sciences (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
619 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
A growing body of research has examined the impact of childhood adversity on neural structure and function. Advances in our understanding of the neurodevelopmental consequences of adverse early environments require the identification of dimensions of environmental experience that influence neural development differently and mechanisms other than the frequently-invoked stress pathways. We propose a novel conceptual framework that differentiates between deprivation (absence of expected environmental inputs and complexity) and threat (presence of experiences that represent a threat to one's physical integrity) and make predictions grounded in basic neuroscience principles about their distinct effects on neural development. We review animal research on fear learning and sensory deprivation as well as human research on childhood adversity and neural development to support these predictions. We argue that these previously undifferentiated dimensions of experience exert strong and distinct influences on neural development that cannot be fully explained by prevailing models focusing only on stress pathways. Our aim is not to exhaustively review existing evidence on childhood adversity and neural development, but to provide a novel framework to guide future research.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.