ReviewChest2014
Where there is smoke…there is sleep apnea: exploring the relationship between smoking and sleep apnea.
Review in Chest, 2014. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 74 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
74 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- What is the association between secondhand smoke (SHS) and possible obstructive sleep apnea: a meta-analysis.Environmental health : a global access science source · 2022Pooled it
- The impact of alcohol on breathing parameters during sleep: A systematic review and meta-analysis.Sleep medicine reviews · 2018Pooled it
- Effect of an Interdisciplinary Weight Loss and Lifestyle Intervention on Obstructive Sleep Apnea Severity: The INTERAPNEA Randomized Clinical Trial.JAMA network open · 2022Trial
- Comparison of Auto- and Fixed-Continuous Positive Airway Pressure on Air Leak in Patients with Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Data from a Randomized Controlled Trial.Canadian respiratory journal · 2019Trial
- Associations of smoking and second-hand smoke exposure with obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea risk in Tuvalu.Journal of global health · 2026Article
- Sex differences in sleep architecture and nocturnal oxygenation across obstructive sleep apnea severity: an observational hospital-based study.Biology of sex differences · 2026Observational
- Association of Cumulative Smoking Exposure with REM Sleep Alterations in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Cross-Sectional Study Supported by Exhaled Carbon Monoxide Measurement.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Article
- The micro-structural changes in white matter fibers associated with anxiety and depression in moderate-severe obstructive sleep apnea.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Breathing bad: increased risk for obstructive sleep apnea in current and former smokers.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Prevalence and associated factors of obstructive sleep apnea in patients with pneumoconiosis: a cross-sectional study.BMC pulmonary medicine · 2026Article
- Evaluation of sleep apnea syndrome risk in patients attending a smoking cessation outpatient clinic.Tobacco induced diseases · 2026Article
- Research status and progress on the relationship between obstructive sleep apnea and pulmonary nodules.Frontiers in medicine · 2026Review
- Differences in clinical features between current smokers and former smokers with OSA: a cross-sectional study.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Development and validation of an explainable predictive model for the risk of moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea in resistant hypertensive patients.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Increased loop gain and upper airway collapsibility among smoking patients with obstructive sleep apnoea.ERJ open research · 2025Article
- Prevalence and impact of comorbid mental disorders in hospitalized patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA): a nationwide study using administrative data.The Psychiatric quarterly · 2025Observational
- Association Between Electronic Cigarette Use and Risk of Obstructive Sleep Apnea Among Korean Adults: A Cross-Sectional Nationwide Population-Based Study.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Article
- The prevalence and predictors of obstructive sleep apnea in patients undergoing bariatric surgery in Saudi Arabia.Saudi medical journal · 2025Article
- Simulation-Based Evaluation of Large Language Models for Comorbidity Detection in Sleep Medicine - a Pilot Study on ChatGPT o1 Preview.Nature and science of sleep · 2025Article
- Prevalence and risk factors of obstructive sleep apnea in depression: an observational retrospective study.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2025Article
14 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Smoking and OSA are widely prevalent and are associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It has been hypothesized that each of these conditions adversely affects the other, leading to increased comorbidity while altering the efficacy of existing therapies. However, while the association between smoking and OSA is plausible, the evidence is less than conclusive. Cigarette smoking may increase the severity of OSA through alterations in sleep architecture, upper airway neuromuscular function, arousal mechanisms, and upper airway inflammation. Conversely, some evidence links untreated OSA with smoking addiction. Smoking cessation should improve OSA, but the evidence to support this is also limited. This article reviews the current evidence linking both conditions and the efficacy of various treatments. Limitations of the current evidence and areas in need of future investigation are also addressed.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.