ArticleNeuroscience2015
Heterotypic gap junctions at glutamatergic mixed synapses are abundant in goldfish brain.
Article in Neuroscience, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 13 papers.
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Who cites it
13 citing papers in PubMed, 19 citations in OpenAlex.
- Defining the electrical synapse.Nature reviews. Neuroscience · 2026Review
- Electrical synapse molecular diversity revealed by proximity-based proteomic discovery.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2024Article
- Patterns of connexin36 and eGFP reporter expression among motoneurons in spinal sexually dimorphic motor nuclei in mouse.International journal of physiology, pathophysiology and pharmacology · 2024Article
- Gap junction Delta-2b (Frontiers in cell and developmental biology · 2023Article
- Interphotoreceptor coupling: an evolutionary perspective.Pflugers Archiv : European journal of physiology · 2021Review
- Understanding the Molecular and Cell Biological Mechanisms of Electrical Synapse Formation.Frontiers in neuroanatomy · 2020Article
- On the occurrence and enigmatic functions of mixed (chemical plus electrical) synapses in the mammalian CNS.Neuroscience letters · 2019Review
- Electrical synapses in mammalian CNS: Past eras, present focus and future directions.Biochimica et biophysica acta. Biomembranes · 2018Review
- Synchrony and so much more: Diverse roles for electrical synapses in neural circuits.Developmental neurobiology · 2017Review
- The electrical synapse: Molecular complexities at the gap and beyond.Developmental neurobiology · 2017Review
- Zebrafish connexin 79.8 (Gja8a): A lens connexin used as an electrical synapse in some neurons.Developmental neurobiology · 2017Article
- Article
- Connexins in neurons and glia: targets for intervention in disease and injury.Neural regeneration research · 2015Review
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Authors and funding
8 authors at 6 institutions in 2 countries.
Funding
Abstract
Gap junctions provide for direct intercellular electrical and metabolic coupling. The abundance of gap junctions at "large myelinated club ending (LMCE)" synapses on Mauthner cells (M-cells) of the teleost brain provided a convenient model to correlate anatomical and physiological properties of electrical synapses. There, presynaptic action potentials were found to evoke short-latency electrical "pre-potentials" immediately preceding their accompanying glutamate-induced depolarizations, making these the first unambiguously identified "mixed" (i.e., chemical plus electrical) synapses in the vertebrate CNS. We recently showed that gap junctions at these synapses exhibit asymmetric electrical resistance (i.e., electrical rectification), which we correlated with total molecular asymmetry of connexin composition in their apposing gap junction hemiplaques, with connexin35 (Cx35) restricted to axon terminal hemiplaques and connexin34.7 (Cx34.7) restricted to apposing M-cell plasma membranes. We now show that similarly heterotypic neuronal gap junctions are abundant throughout goldfish brain, with labeling exclusively for Cx35 in presynaptic hemiplaques and exclusively for Cx34.7 in postsynaptic hemiplaques. Moreover, the vast majority of these asymmetric gap junctions occur at glutamatergic axon terminals. The widespread distribution of heterotypic gap junctions at glutamatergic mixed synapses throughout goldfish brain and spinal cord implies that pre- vs. postsynaptic asymmetry at electrical synapses evolved early in the chordate lineage. We propose that the advantages of the molecular and functional asymmetry of connexins at electrical synapses that are so prominently expressed in the teleost CNS are unlikely to have been abandoned in higher vertebrates. However, to create asymmetric coupling in mammals, where most gap junctions are composed of connexin36 (Cx36) on both sides, would require some other mechanism, such as differential phosphorylation of connexins on opposite sides of the same gap junction or on asymmetric differences in the complement of their scaffolding and regulatory proteins.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.