Evidence map›Paper›PMID 25450171›Full record

ReviewBiochimica et biophysica acta2015

Enhanced sampling techniques in molecular dynamics simulations of biological systems.

Rafael C Bernardi, Marcelo C R Melo, Klaus Schulten

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in Biochimica et biophysica acta, 2015. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 265 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
265citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

265 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
  6. Article
  7. AI-Physics-Experiment Trinity for Integrated Protein Dynamics Modeling.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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  12. Quantum computing applications in drug discovery.Briefings in bioinformatics · 2026
    Review
  13. The evolving landscape of molecular visualization.Protein science : a publication of the Protein Society · 2026
    Review
  14. Advances and opportunities for computational interrogation of plant proteins.The Plant journal : for cell and molecular biology · 2026
    Review
  15. Article
  16. Uncertainty Quantification forChemical reviews · 2026
    Review
  17. Article
  18. Article
  19. Review
  20. Article

205 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

3 authors.

Rafael C BernardiBeckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Marcelo C R MeloCenter for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Klaus SchultenBeckman Institute, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Center for Biophysics and Computational Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; Department of Physics, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA. Electronic address: kschulte@ks.uiuc.edu.

Funding

WHOLE CELL SIMULATIONP41GM104601 · NIGMS · UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN · PI TAJKHORSHID, EMAD · 2012 to 2021
$19.0M
NIGMS NIH HHS 9P41GM104601NIGMS NIH HHS P41 GM104601
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundMolecular dynamics has emerged as an important research methodology covering systems to the level of millions of atoms. However, insufficient sampling often limits its application. The limitation is due to rough energy landscapes, with many local minima separated by high-energy barriers, which govern the biomolecular motion. SCOPE OF REVIEW: In the past few decades methods have been developed that address the sampling problem, such as replica-exchange molecular dynamics, metadynamics and simulated annealing. Here we present an overview over theses sampling methods in an attempt to shed light on which should be selected depending on the type of system property studied. MAJOR

conclusionsEnhanced sampling methods have been employed for a broad range of biological systems and the choice of a suitable method is connected to biological and physical characteristics of the system, in particular system size. While metadynamics and replica-exchange molecular dynamics are the most adopted sampling methods to study biomolecular dynamics, simulated annealing is well suited to characterize very flexible systems. The use of annealing methods for a long time was restricted to simulation of small proteins; however, a variant of the method, generalized simulated annealing, can be employed at a relatively low computational cost to large macromolecular complexes. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE: Molecular dynamics trajectories frequently do not reach all relevant conformational substates, for example those connected with biological function, a problem that can be addressed by employing enhanced sampling algorithms. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled Recent developments of molecular dynamics.

Indexed as

Molecular Dynamics SimulationAlgorithmsCarbohydrate ConformationCarbohydratesCellulosomesLipidsMolecular StructureNucleic Acid ConformationNucleic AcidsProtein ConformationProteinsReproducibility of ResultsStochastic ProcessesStructure-Activity RelationshipSurface PropertiesCarbohydratesLipidsNucleic AcidsProteinsCellulosomeEnhanced samplingGeneralized simulated annealingMetadynamicsMolecular dynamicsReplica-exchange molecular dynamics

Identifiers

PMID25450171
PMCPMC4339458

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.